Assessing the effects of tDCS over a delayed response inhibition task by targeting the right inferior frontal gyrus and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Abstract Integrating and predicting the intentions and actions of others are critical components of social interactions, but the behavioral and neural bases of such mechanisms under altered perceptual conditions are poorly understood. In the present study, we recruited expert violinists and age-matched controls with no musical training and asked them to evaluate simplified dynamic stimuli of violinists playing in a piano or forte communicative intent while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. We show that expertise is needed to successfully understand and evaluate communicative intentions in spatially and temporally altered visual representations of musical performance. Frontoparietal regions—such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the inferior parietal lobule and sulcus—and various subregions of the cerebellum—such as cerebellar lobules I-IV, V, VI, VIIb, VIIIa, X—are recruited in the process. Functional connectivity between these brain areas reveals widespread organization, particularly in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal sulcus and in the cerebellum. This network may be essential to successfully assess communicative intent in ambiguous or complex visual scenes.

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Null Effect of Transcranial Static Magnetic Field Stimulation over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Behavioral Performance in a Go/NoGo Task

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11040483 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 483

Author(s):

Tatsunori Watanabe ◽

Nami Kubo ◽

Xiaoxiao Chen ◽

Keisuke Yunoki ◽

Takuya Matsumoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Static Magnetic Field ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Cortical Excitability ◽

Control Function ◽

Field Stimulation ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽

The Right

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate whether transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS), which can modulate cortical excitability, would influence inhibitory control function when applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Young healthy adults (n = 8, mean age ± SD = 24.4 ± 4.1, six females) received the following stimulations for 30 min on different days: (1) tSMS over the left DLPFC, (2) tSMS over the right DLPFC, and (3) sham stimulation over either the left or right DLPFC. The participants performed a Go/NoGo task before, immediately after, and 10 min after the stimulation. They were instructed to extend the right wrist in response to target stimuli. We recorded the electromyogram from the right wrist extensor muscles and analyzed erroneous responses (false alarm and missed target detection) and reaction times. As a result, 50% of the participants made erroneous responses, and there were five erroneous responses in total (0.003%). A series of statistical analyses revealed that tSMS did not affect the reaction time. These preliminary findings suggest the possibility that tSMS over the DLPFC is incapable of modulating inhibitory control and/or that the cognitive load imposed in this study was insufficient to detect the effect.

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Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Evoked Potential Amplitudes and Latencies in the Motor and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex among Young, Older Healthy Participants, and Schizophrenia Patients

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11010054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Yoshihiro Noda ◽

Mera S. Barr ◽

Reza Zomorrodi ◽

Robin F. H. Cash ◽

Pantelis Lioumis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Evoked Potential ◽

Single Pulse ◽

Signal Propagation ◽

Lower Amplitude ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽

The Right

Background: The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with electroencephalography (EEG) allows for non-invasive investigation of cortical response and connectivity in human cortex. This study aimed to examine the amplitudes and latencies of each TMS-evoked potential (TEP) component induced by single-pulse TMS (spTMS) to the left motor (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) among healthy young participants (YNG), older participants (OLD), and patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). Methods: We compared the spatiotemporal characteristics of TEPs induced by spTMS among the groups. Results: Compared to YNG, M1-spTMS induced lower amplitudes of N45 and P180 in OLD and a lower amplitude of P180 in SCZ, whereas the DLPFC-spTMS induced a lower N45 in OLD. Further, OLD demonstrated latency delays in P60 after M1-spTMS and in N45-P60 over the right central region after left DLPFC-spTMS, whereas SCZ demonstrated latency delays in N45-P60 over the midline and right central regions after DLPFC-spTMS. Conclusions: These findings suggest that inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms mediating TEPs may be altered in OLD and SCZ. The amplitude and latency changes of TEPs with spTMS may reflect underlying neurophysiological changes in OLD and SCZ, respectively. The spTMS administered to M1 and the DLPFC can probe cortical functions by examining TEPs. Thus, TMS-EEG can be used to study changes in cortical connectivity and signal propagation from healthy to pathological brains.

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Neuro-cognitive effects of Hf-rTMS over the right versus left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on the attentional modulation of emotional information in healthy subjects: an event-related fMRI-study

Brain Stimulation ◽

10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.137 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 291

Author(s):

R. De Raedt ◽

L. Leyman ◽

U. Dannlowski ◽

M. Vanderhasselt ◽

R. Luypaert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Cognitive Effects ◽

Attentional Modulation ◽

Emotional Information ◽

Fmri Study ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽

The Right

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To examine the change in craving following high frequency rTMS stimulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients with opioid dependence: A prospective hospital based study

Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research ◽

10.18535/jmscr/v7i1.21 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dr Bhanu Pratap Singh ◽

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

High Frequency ◽

Opioid Dependence ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽

The Right ◽

Stimulation Of

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Prefrontal and Parietal Attractor Networks Mediate Working Memory Judgments

10.1101/2020.06.01.128173 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sihai Li ◽

Christos Constantinidis ◽

Xue-Lian Qi

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Critical Role ◽

Memory Task ◽

Delayed Response ◽

Persistent Activity ◽

Neural Basis ◽

Brain Areas ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal

ABSTRACTThe dorsolateral prefrontal cortex plays a critical role in spatial working memory and its activity predicts behavioral responses in delayed response tasks. Here we addressed whether this predictive ability extends to categorical judgments based on information retained in working memory, and is present in other brain areas. We trained monkeys in a novel, Match-Stay, Nonmatch-Go task, which required them to observe two stimuli presented in sequence with an intervening delay period between them. If the two stimuli were different, the monkeys had to saccade to the location of the second stimulus; if they were the same, they held fixation. Neurophysiological recordings were performed in areas 8a and 46 of the dlPFC and 7a and lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP) of the PPC. We hypothesized that random drifts causing the peak activity of the network to move away from the first stimulus location and towards the location of the second stimulus would result in categorical errors. Indeed, for both areas, when the first stimulus appeared in a neuron’s preferred location, the neuron showed significantly higher firing rates in correct than in error trials. When the first stimulus appeared at a nonpreferred location and the second stimulus at a preferred, activity in error trials was higher than in correct. The results indicate that the activity of both dlPFC and PPC neurons is predictive of categorical judgments of information maintained in working memory, and the magnitude of neuronal firing rate deviations is revealing of the contents of working memory as it determines performance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe neural basis of working memory and the areas mediating this function is a topic of controversy. Persistent activity in the prefrontal cortex has traditionally been thought to be the neural correlate of working memory, however recent studies have proposed alternative mechanisms and brain areas. Here we show that persistent activity in both the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex predicts behavior in a working memory task that requires a categorical judgement. Our results offer support to the idea that a network of neurons in both areas act as an attractor network that maintains information in working memory, which informs behavior.

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