The neural substrate of the vestibulocollic reflex

Stabilization of the head is required not only for adequate motor performance, such as maintaining balance while standing or walking, but also for the adequate reception of sensory inputs such as visual and auditory information. The vestibular organs, which consist of three approximately orthogonal semicircular canals (anterior, horizontal, posterior) and two otolith organs (utriculus, sacculus), provide the most important input for the detection of head movement. Activation of afferents from these receptors evokes the vestibulocollic reflex (VCR), which stabilizes bead position in space. In this review, which is the outgrowth of a session of the vestibular symposium held in Hawaii in April, 1994, we discuss the neural substrate of this reflex and some aspects of the central processing involved in its production. Some topics are not considered, in particular the important interaction between the VCR and the cervicocollic reflex evoked by activation of neck afferents (70,119), and attempts to model the reflex (69).

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Microdialysis in the Study of Psychostimulants and the Neural Substrate for Reinforcement: Focus on Dopamine and Serotonin

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e496122006-003 ◽

1992 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bartley G. Hoebel ◽

◽

Luis Hernandez ◽

Gregory P. Mark ◽

Emmanuel Pothos

Keyword(s):

Neural Substrate

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Neural substrate of human laughter revealed by PET

Neuroscience Research ◽

10.1016/s0168-0102(00)81144-x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. S49

Author(s):

M Iwase

Keyword(s):

Neural Substrate ◽

Human Laughter

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Causal determinism and a totally global fatalism from the third-person perspective

10.31219/osf.io/x62jp ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyang Yu

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Human Language ◽

Causal Determinism ◽

The Third ◽

Person Perspective ◽

Neural Substrate ◽

Third Person ◽

Third Person Perspective ◽

Physical Laws ◽

The Third Person

The human brain and the human language are precisely constructed together by evolution/genes, so that in the objective world, a human brain can tell a story to another brain in human language which describes an imagined multiplayer game; in this story, one player of the game represents the human brain itself. It’s possible that the human kind doesn’t really have a subjective world (doesn’t really have conscious experience). An individual has no control even over her choices. Her choices are controlled by the neural substrate. The neural substrate is controlled by the physical laws. So, her choices are controlled by the physical laws. So, she is powerless to do anything other than what she actually does. This is the view of fatalism. Specifically, this is the view of a totally global fatalism, where people have no control even over their choices, from the third-person perspective. And I just argued for fatalism by appeal to causal determinism. Psychologically, a third-person perspective and a new, dedicated personality state are required to bear the totally global fatalism, to avoid severe cognitive dissonance with our default first-person perspective and our original personality state.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Neural substrate of body size: illusory feeling of shrinking of the waist.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1092517.460534 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Rudolf Uher

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Neural Substrate

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Metaplasticity as a Neural Substrate for Adaptive Learning and Choice under Uncertainty.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.727535048.793531831 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ilya Monosov

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Learning ◽

Choice Under Uncertainty ◽

Neural Substrate

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of A novel neural substrate for the transformation of olfactory inputs into motor output.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.7921960.8385068 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Leonard Maler ◽

Gary Marsat

Keyword(s):

Motor Output ◽

Neural Substrate

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View-tuned and view-invariant face encoding in IT cortex is explained by selected natural image fragments

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86842-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yunjun Nam ◽

Takayuki Sato ◽

Go Uchida ◽

Ekaterina Malakhova ◽

Shimon Ullman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Visual Pathway ◽

Visual Features ◽

Natural Image ◽

Face Representation ◽

Low Level ◽

Ventral Visual Pathway ◽

Neural Substrate ◽

The Face

AbstractHumans recognize individual faces regardless of variation in the facial view. The view-tuned face neurons in the inferior temporal (IT) cortex are regarded as the neural substrate for view-invariant face recognition. This study approximated visual features encoded by these neurons as combinations of local orientations and colors, originated from natural image fragments. The resultant features reproduced the preference of these neurons to particular facial views. We also found that faces of one identity were separable from the faces of other identities in a space where each axis represented one of these features. These results suggested that view-invariant face representation was established by combining view sensitive visual features. The face representation with these features suggested that, with respect to view-invariant face representation, the seemingly complex and deeply layered ventral visual pathway can be approximated via a shallow network, comprised of layers of low-level processing for local orientations and colors (V1/V2-level) and the layers which detect particular sets of low-level elements derived from natural image fragments (IT-level).

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