Discolouration of birch wood: analysis of extractives from discoloured surface of vacuum-dried European white birch (Betula pubescens) board

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveliina Hiltunen ◽  
Kirsi Mononen ◽  
Leila Alvila ◽  
Tuula T. Pakkanen
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pubescens ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Wood Analysis

Altitudinal Zonation of Geometrid Larvae (Lep.) during a Mass Occurrence on Birch at Sogndal, Western Norway, I967

1972 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigmund Hagvar
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Density ◽  
Betula Pubescens ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Altitudinal Zonation ◽  
Western Norway ◽  
Mass Occurrence ◽  
Betula Pubescens Ehrh ◽  
Different Altitudes ◽  
Made In

AbstractLarvae of Geometridae (Lep.) attacked the birch wood (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) in the mountain slopes near Sogndal, Sogn, in I966 and I967. Collecting of larvae were made in I967 by sweep-netting on five stations at different altitudes up to timber line at 900 m a.s. The maximum density of Operophthera sp., at about 300 m a.s., was estimated to be about five times higher than the maximum density of Oporinia autumnata Bkh. just below the timber line. A horizontal, brownish belt, where the trees were heavily defoliated, extended from approximately 250 to 350 m a.s. The trees near the timber line were not so heavily defoliated. The least defoliated trees were found at about 650-700 m a.s., in the overlapping zone of the two geometrid species. Operophthera sp. was found at all altitudes, while O. autumnata occurred only in the upper half of the birch wood. Erannis aurantiaria Hb. and E. defoliaria Cl. also occurred at all altitudes. The former preferred the lower part of the birch wood, and was always present in densities lower than O. autumnata's highest density. Only a few larvae of E. defoliaria were found, without showing any altitudinal preference.

Abundance and activity of N2-fixing bacteria in decaying wood

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1299-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Q. Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Aspen Wood ◽  
White Birch ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Decaying Wood

Populations of N2-fixing bacteria exceeded 106/g in moderately decayed trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) and white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) logs. Lower numbers were found in red maple (Acerrubrum L.) and conifer logs (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill., Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) at similar decay states. Populations were assayed using a combined-carbon medium in semisolid agar under aerobic conditions. Single carbon sources generally yielded lower and more variable numbers. With water and carbon supplements, aspen and birch wood showed high potential nitrogenase activity (>400 nmol C2H4•g−1•day−1) at 30 °C under aerobic conditions, and even greater activity (>1000 nmol C2H4•g−1•day−1) during a 3-day incubation under waterlogged conditions. In the absence of supplemental carbon, aspen wood remained active but birch wood did not. Wood from other species supported much lower nitrogenase activity under aerobic conditions, and waterlogging was strongly inhibitory. A highly decayed white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) log had low populations (<104/g) of N2-fixing bacteria and did not reduce C2H2 under any treatments. Results support the hypothesis that a relationship exists between (i) populations and activity of N2-fixing bacteria and (ii) the decay susceptibility of wood of different species.

Concentrations of Foliar Quercetin in Natural Populations of White Birch (Betula pubescens) Increase with Latitude

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1382-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Stark ◽  
Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto ◽  
Esa Holappa ◽  
Kari Mikkola ◽  
Ari Nikula
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Betula Pubescens ◽  
White Birch

scholarly journals Hydrolysis Rate of Resistant Pentosan of White Birch Wood in Sulfuric Acid of Medium Strength

1962 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 378-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuyoshi KOBAYASHI ◽  
Yoshio SAKAI ◽  
Shinobu MUTOH
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Medium Strength

THE CONFIGURATION OF GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGES IN OLIGOSACCHARIDES: VII. 4-O-β-D-GALACTOPYRANOSYL-D-GALACTOSE FROM WHITE BIRCH WOOD

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1741-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Gillham ◽  
A. S. Perlin ◽  
T. E. Timell
Keyword(s):  
Birch Wood ◽  
White Birch

not available

New catalytic strategies for α,ω-diols production from lignocellulosic biomass

2017 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 247-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayue He ◽  
Kefeng Huang ◽  
Kevin J. Barnett ◽  
Siddarth H. Krishna ◽  
David M. Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Liquid Stream ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
Hydrogenation Reactions ◽  
Acid Catalyzed

Catalytic strategies for the synthesis of 1,5-pentanediol (PDO) with 69% yield from hemicellulose and the synthesis of 1,6-hexanediol (HDO) with 28% yield from cellulose are presented. Fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass (white birch wood chips) in gamma-valerolactone (GVL)/H2O generates a pure cellulose solid and a liquid stream containing hemicellulose and lignin, which is further dehydrated to furfural with 85% yield. Furfural is converted to PDO with sequential dehydration, hydration, ring-opening tautomerization, and hydrogenation reactions. Acid-catalyzed cellulose dehydration in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/H2O produces a mixture of levoglucosenone (LGO) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which are converted with hydrogen to tetrahydrofuran-dimethanol (THFDM). HDO is then obtained from hydrogenolysis of THFDM. Techno-economic analysis demonstrates that this approach can produce HDO and PDO at a minimum selling price of $4090 per ton.

Leaf fall in white birch (Betula pubescens) is independent of leaf asymmetry

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 910-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail V Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Betula Pubescens ◽  
Leaf Longevity ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Modular Organisms ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Betula Pubescens Ehrh

Developmental instability, reflected by high fluctuating asymmetry, frequently indicates low fitness of an organism. However, it remains unknown whether in modular organisms, like plants, asymmetry is linked with performance at the level of individual metamers. To explore within-tree relationships between fluctuating asymmetry and leaf longevity, each third day between 22 August and 10 October 2001, leaves were collected under two large trees of white birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.). The date of leaf fall (a proxy of leaf life-span) was not linked with either leaf asymmetry or damage imposed by chewing insects. Similarly, leaves collected under 10 birches at the end of leaf fall in 2002 demonstrated the same asymmetry as leaves collected at the beginning of leaf fall. These results suggest that leaf longevity in white birch is independent of leaf asymmetry.Key words: leaf longevity, fluctuating asymmetry, within-tree variation.

INFLUENCE OF POST-FELLING TREATMENT OF BIRCH LOGS ON EMERGENCE SUCCESS OF BRONZE BIRCH BORER, AGRILUS ANXIUS, ADULTS (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE)1

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney C. Akers ◽  
David G. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Emergence Success ◽  
Bronze Birch Borer

European white birch, Betula pendula Roth, bolts infested with bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius Gory, were subjected to 4 post-felling treatments to delay or expedite adult emergence. Felling date and bolt end treatment significantly influenced beetle emergence density. Fall-felled, unsealed bolts with 1 end standing in water produced few beetles. Although rearing room temperature, relative humidity, and weeks of cold storage did not affect numbers of beetles produced, these factors could be used to expedite or delay beetle emergence. This study demonstrates that infested birch wood can be manipulated to produce bronze birch borer adults for laboratory studies when beetles are not available otherwise.

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