Levels of intra-host and temporal sequence variation in a large CO1 sub-units from Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (Rudolphi 1809) (Nematoda: Anisakisdae): implications for fisheries management

2006 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Cross ◽  
C. Collins ◽  
N. Campbell ◽  
P. C. Watts ◽  
J. C. Chubb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Anisakis Simplex

scholarly journals The Selection of Reliable Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis of Anisakis simplex Sensu Stricto Gene Expression from Different Developmental Stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat ◽  
Robert Stryiński ◽  
Łukasz Paukszto ◽  
Jan Paweł Jastrzębski ◽  
Karol Makowczenko
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Complex Life Cycle

Abstract Background Anisakis simplex s. s. is a parasitic nematode with a complex life cycle in which humans can become accidental hosts by consuming raw or not fully cooked fish containing L3 larvae. The growing popularity of raw fish dishes has contributed to an increase in the incidence of anisakiasis, which has spurred scientific efforts to develop new methods for diagnosing and treating the disease and also to investigate the gene expression at different developmental stages of this parasite. The identification of reference genes suitable for the normalization of RT-qPCR data has not been studied with respect to A. simplex s. s. Methods In the present study, eight candidate reference genes were analyzed in A. simplex s. s. at two different developmental stages: L3 and L4. The expression stability of these genes was assessed by geNorm and NormFinder softwares. Results In general, our results identified translation elongation factor 1α (ef-1α) and peptidyl-prolyl isomerase 12 (ppi12) as the most stable genes in L3 and L4 developmental stages of A. simplex s. s. Validation of the selected reference genes was performed by profiling the expression of the nuclear hormone receptor gene (nhr 48) in different developmental stages. Conclusions This first analysis selecting suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR in A. simplex s. s. will facilitate future functional analyses and deep mining of genetic resources in this parasitic nematode.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Clues for Differences in Pathogenicity between Hysterothylacium aduncum, Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and Anisakis pegreffii

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Cavallero ◽  
Fabrizio Lombardo ◽  
Marco Salvemini ◽  
Antonella Pizzarelli ◽  
Cinzia Cantacessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Anisakis Pegreffii ◽  
Primary Hemostasis ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Immunomodulatory Peptides ◽  
Hysterothylacium Aduncum

Ascaridoid nematodes are widespread in marine fishes. Despite their major socioeconomic importance, mechanisms associated to the fish-borne zoonotic disease anisakiasis are still obscure. RNA-Seq and de-novo assembly were herein applied to RNA extracted from larvae and dissected pharynx of Hysterothylacium aduncum (HA), a non-pathogenic nematode. Assembled transcripts in HA were annotated and compared to the transcriptomes of the zoonotic species Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (AS) and Anisakis pegreffii (AP). Approximately 60,000,000 single-end reads were generated for HA, AS and AP. Transcripts in HA encoded for 30,254 putative peptides while AS and AP encoded for 20,574 and 20,840 putative peptides, respectively. Differential gene expression analyses yielded 471, 612 and 526 transcripts up regulated in the pharynx of HA, AS and AP. The transcriptomes of larvae and pharynx of HA were enriched in transcripts encoding collagen, peptidases, ribosomal proteins and in heat-shock motifs. Transcripts encoding proteolytic enzymes, anesthetics, inhibitors of primary hemostasis and virulence factors, anticoagulants and immunomodulatory peptides were up-regulated in AS and AP pharynx. This study represents the first transcriptomic characterization of a marine parasitic nematode commonly recovered in fish and probably of negligible concern for public health.

scholarly journals Immunoreactive Proteins in the Esophageal Gland Cells of Anisakis Simplex Sensu Stricto Detected by MALDI-TOF/TOF Analysis

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 683
Author(s):  
Lee Robertson ◽  
Susana C. Arcos ◽  
Sergio Ciordia ◽  
Noelia Carballeda-Sanguiao ◽  
María del Carmen Mena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
2D Electrophoresis ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Esophageal Gland ◽  
Allergenic Potential ◽  
Phylogenetic Origin

In plant and animal nematode parasites, proteins derived from esophageal gland cells have been shown to be important in the host-nematodes relationship but little is known about the allergenic potential of these proteins in the genus Anisakis. Taking into account the increase of anisakiasis and allergies related to these nematodes, immunoreactive properties of gland cell proteins were investigated. Two hundred ventricles were manually dissected from L3 stage larvae of Aniskakis simplex s.s. to allow direct protein analysis. Denaturing gel electrophoresis followed by monochromatic silver staining which revealed the presence of differential (enriched) proteins when compared to total nematode extracts. Such comparison was performed by means of 1D and 2D electrophoresis. Pooled antisera from Anisakis spp.-allergic patients were used in western blots revealing the presence of 13 immunoreactive bands in the ventricular extracts in 1D, with 82 spots revealed in 2D. The corresponding protein bands and spots were excised from the silver-stained gel and protein assignation was made by MALDI-TOF/TOF. A total of 13 (including proteoforms) were unambiguously identified. The majority of these proteins are known to be secreted by nematodes into the external environment, of which three are described as being major allergens in other organisms with different phylogenetic origin and one is an Anisakis simplex allergen.

Proteomic profiling and characterization of differential allergens in the nematodes Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and A. pegreffii

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1547-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana C. Arcos ◽  
Sergio Ciordia ◽  
Lee Roberston ◽  
Inés Zapico ◽  
Yolanda Jiménez-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Proteomic Profiling

scholarly journals Anisakis physeteris and Pseudoterranova decipiens in the Mugil curema fish caught in Tumaco, Colombia

2020 ◽  
pp. e1781
Author(s):  
Jenniffer Alejandra Castellanos Garzon ◽  
Rubén Mercado P ◽  
Sebastián Peña F ◽  
María Carolina Pustovrh R ◽  
Liliana Salazar M
Keyword(s):  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Anisakis Pegreffii ◽  
Pseudoterranova Decipiens ◽  
Pcr Multiplex ◽  
Contracaecum Osculatum ◽  
Hysterothylacium Aduncum ◽  
Anisakis Physeteris

Objetivo. Identificar nematodos de la familia Anisakidae en el pez de consumo Mugil curema. Materiales y métodos. Para este estudio, se recolectaron 16 peces Lisa (M. curema) del puerto de Tumaco, una ciudad en la costa colombiana del Pacífico. La identificación morfológica de las larvas se realizó mediante taxonomía clásica y se calculó el porcentaje de infestación de larvas. Para la identificación molecular, se realizó una PCR múltiple con cebadores para las especies Anisakis physeteris, Pseudoterranova decipiens, Anisakis simplex sensu stricto, Contracaecum osculatum, Hysterothylacium aduncum y Anisakis pegreffii. Resultados. La revisión taxonómica permitió la identificación de larvas de tipo II del género Anisakis y larvas del género Pseudoterranova. Las larvas se aislaron principalmente del intestino, donde se encontró que el 94% de los peces estaban parasitados por nematodos anisakidos. La PCR multiplex permitió la identificación de la especie A. physeteris (Larva tipo II) y P. decipiens. Conclusiones. Este estudio en el primer reporte del nematodo Anisakidae en Tumaco, Colombia. Estos resultados proporcionan una justificación convincente para un estudio adicional sobre la familia Anisakidae en Colombia, como un problema de salud pública.

Infra-familial phylogeny of Urticaceae, using chloroplast sequence data

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julisasi T. Hadiah ◽  
Barry J. Conn ◽  
Christopher J. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distinct Genus ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages

Recent studies of the phylogeny of the Urticales have suggested that Cecropiaceae, at least in part, should be included within Urticaceae. To evaluate phylogenetic relationship between these two taxa, together with the consequences on tribal concepts (of the Urticaceae) of including any part of Cecropiaceae within Urticaceae, we analysed sequence variation for larger databases of both rbcL and trnL-F sequences. We conclude that the circumscription of Urticaceae needs to be broadened to include taxa of Cecropiaceae, with Urticeae here expanded to include Poikilospermum. The tribal placement of Cecropia and Coussapoa (both Cecropiaceae) remains unclear but their affinities are with the Forsskaoleeae, Parietarieae and Boehmerieae. The circumscription of Boehmerieae should be changed to exclude Myriocarpa, with the latter genus exhibiting a strong relationship with Elatostemeae. The intratribal structure of the Elatostemeae is unclear because of the uncertainty of the position of Myriocarpa, but there is a strong suggestion that the tribe consists of two sister taxa, one of Elatostemeae sensu stricto, including Elatostema and Procris, and the other consisting of Lecanthus and Pilea. It is reconfirmed that Pellionia should not be recognised as a distinct genus and is here regarded as a synonym of Procris, rather than part of the synonymy of Elatostema, as previously suggested. Boehmeria, Cypholophus and Laportea as currently circumscribed are all paraphyletic. There are three evolutionary lineages in the Urticaceae revealed by our study, namely (1) Boehmeriea–Cecropieae–Forsskaoleeae–Parietarieae, (2) Urticeae and (3) Elatostemeae.

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