scholarly journals Functional effects of the hadal sea cucumber Elpidia atakama (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea, Elasipodida) reflect small-scale patterns of resource availability

2011 ◽  
Vol 158 (12) ◽  
pp. 2695-2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Jamieson ◽  
A. Gebruk ◽  
T. Fujii ◽  
M. Solan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Small Scale

scholarly journals Soft bodies make estimation hard: correlations among body dimensions and weights of multiple species of sea cucumbers

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Prescott ◽  
Shijie Zhou ◽  
Andhika P. Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Power Function ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Wet Weight

Tropical sea cucumbers are commonly exploited by small-scale, poorly managed fisheries. A fundamental problem in managing sea cucumber fisheries is the lack of basic knowledge of important life history characteristics for most species. As a result of plastic body dimensions, biological research on this group of animals becomes exceptionally challenging. To improve our understanding of essential biological parameters, we conducted a study to investigate correlations among various body measurements. We analysed a total of 18 sea cucumber species and more than 6600 individuals collected at Scott Reef in the Timor Sea, north-west Australia. We used hierarchical Bayesian errors-in-variables models to specifically take into account measurement errors that are obviously unavoidable. The measures included three types of weights (wet weight, gutted weight and dry weight) and two body dimensions (length and width). The modelling reveals that using both body length and width as independent variables, wet weight increases approximately linearly with body length, but is a power function (~1.6) of body width, although variability exists among species. Dry weight tends to increase more slowly with body length, but has a similar power function of body width. Linear relationships are established between the three types of weights. On average, ~11% of a live specimen and ~16% of a gutted specimen is processed to the commercially traded dry body wall. Our results can be applied to sea cucumbers in other areas and can be useful for data standardisation and size-based fisheries management.

scholarly journals Small-scale fishing income and fuel consumption: Fiji’s artisanal sea cucumber fishery

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1758-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W Purcell ◽  
Watisoni Lalavanua ◽  
Brian R Cullis ◽  
Nicole Cocks
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Deep Water Species ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Understanding the income and costs of fishing is fundamental to managing fisheries and planning interventions to improve efficiency and gender equity. Few studies offer data on fisher incomes and fuel use in small-scale fisheries (SSFs), and fewer have assessed factors influencing variation among fishers and between genders. We interviewed 235 artisanal fishers among 34 island villages in an artisanal sea cucumber fishery in Fiji. Linear mixed models were used to determine the effect of geographic and socioeconomic variables on incomes and fuel use from fishing sea cucumbers. Net income of sea cucumbers to fishers, averaging FJ$8, 171 year−1 (US$4, 494 year−1) (range: FJ$0–52,008 year−1), varied among villages and was 47% lower for women than men. On an average, 60% of fishers’ gross annual income came from fishing and selling sea cucumbers, although this proportion varied greatly even within villages. Fishers who practised gleaning, fished less often, or possessing numerous livelihood income streams, were less economically dependent on sea cucumbers. Men tended to estimate higher incomes for an average day of fishing than women when compared with their recall of last sale. Fuel use varied greatly among regions in Fiji but, overall, averaged 428 L fisher−1 year−1, and represented 28% of gross income. More economical fishing strategies by women resulted in lower fuel use than men per fishing day. Breath-hold divers used less fuel (compared to fishers using scuba) and fishers targeting deep-water species used more fuel than other fishers. A best approximation of 8000 t CO2 year−1 for the carbon footprint of the whole fishery suggests that some SSFs, such as the one studied here, can be significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, even compared to many large-scale fisheries globally. Reforms to the management of SSFs should consider regulations that minimize carbon emissions and reduce economic dependency on vulnerable marine resources.

Sailing-Trading Livelihoods in Southeastern Indonesia: Adapting to Change

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Carnegie
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
First Century ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Drivers Of Change ◽  
International Border

Abstract Sailing-trading livelihoods in southeastern Indonesia have undergone significant change during the later half of the twentieth century and into the twenty-first century. This study identifies how geopolitical, economic, legal and technological drivers of change shape sailing-trading livelihoods. Using an integrated approach, it shows how these macro-level drivers articulate with sailor-traders’ individual and group-based responses at the local level. The findings highlight that over the study period, small-scale inter-island trading within Indonesia’s borders became increasingly competitive and monopolised. In response, sailor-traders strategically adopted new opportunities that involve international border crossings, including to Australia to harvest sea cucumber, transport asylum seekers and undertake work while serving prison terms. The concluding remarks are that while aspects of contemporary sailing-trading livelihoods are temporal and unsustainable, the overall ebb and flow of livelihoods reflects a broader pattern of adaptive responses amidst ongoing change.

scholarly journals Economic value of small-scale sea cucumber fisheries under two contrasting management regimes

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eggertsen ◽  
Hampus Eriksson ◽  
Matthew J. Slater ◽  
Caroline Raymond ◽  
Maricela de la Torre-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Management Regimes

scholarly journals Bioeconomic modeling for a small-scale sea cucumber fishery in Yucatan, Mexico

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e0190857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Hernández-Flores ◽  
Alfonso Cuevas-Jiménez ◽  
Alicia Poot-Salazar ◽  
Alfonso Condal ◽  
Juan Carlos Espinoza-Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Bioeconomic Modeling

EXPRESS: Do Marketers Matter for Entrepreneurs? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Uganda

2021 ◽  
pp. 002224292199317
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Anderson ◽  
Pradeep Chintagunta ◽  
Frank Germann ◽  
Naufel Vilcassim
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Market Knowledge ◽  
Support Intervention ◽  
Business Support ◽  
Causal Impact

Promoting growth by differentiating products is a core tenet of marketing. However, establishing and quantifying marketing’s causal impact on firm growth, while critical, can be difficult. This paper examines the effects of a business support intervention in which international professionals from different functional backgrounds (e.g., marketing, consulting) volunteered time to help Ugandan entrepreneurs improve growth. Findings from a multi-year field experiment show entrepreneurs randomly matched with volunteer marketers significantly increased firm growth. Compared to control firms, the entrepreneurs in the Marketer treatment group grew monthly sales by 51.7% on average, while their monthly profits improved by 35.8%, total assets increased by 31.0%, and paid employees rose by 23.8%. A linguistic analysis of interactions between volunteers and entrepreneurs indicates the marketers spent more time on product-related topics than other volunteers. Further mechanism analyses indicate the marketers helped the entrepreneurs focus on premium products to differentiate in the marketplace. In line with the study’s process evidence, firms with greater market knowledge or resource availability benefitted significantly more than their peers when matched with volunteer marketers. As small-scale businesses form the commercial backbone of most emerging markets, their performance and development are critically important. And marketers’ positive impact on the businesses highlights the need for the field’s increased presence in emerging markets.

scholarly journals Environmental variables affect the diversity of adult damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera) in western Amazonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 108-121
Author(s):  
Joás Brito ◽  
Lenize Calvao ◽  
Erlane Cunha ◽  
Leandro Maioli ◽  
Mayla Barbirato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Ecological Equilibrium ◽  
Dispersal Corridors ◽  
Physical Variables ◽  
The Stability

Our study evaluated the effects of environmental variables on the assemblages of the suborder Zygoptera, and tested the hypothesis that environmental variables are more important determinants of the structure of these assemblages than limnological variables in streams. We sampled 17 streams in the Carajás National Forest and tested our hypothesis using a linear regression analysis, with the zygopteran species composition, richness, and abundance as the response variables. Our findings indicate that both limnological and physical variables influence, independently, the characteristics of the zygopteran assemblages. The riparian forest maintains the stability of the environment and provides dispersal corridors, along which the zygopterans can reach alternative, suitable environments. The small scale of this study also implies that the continuity of the vegetation is essential for the dispersal of the zygopterans among different landscapes. The high levels of abundance recorded in the better-preserved environments may reflect the maintenance of specific habitats and resource availability. Riparian forest is crucial to the ecological equilibrium of the stream systems, although further research at a broader spatial scale that focuses on a greater diversity of variables should provide more robust insights into the phenomenon.

scholarly journals SITE SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR COMMUNITY-BASED TROPICAL SEA CUCUMBER HOLOTHURIA SCABRA GROW-OUT IN NORTH SULAWESI WATERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Marenda Pandu Rizqi ◽  
Supono
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Site Suitability ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Substrate Protection

North Sulawesi, a region that has experienced a decreasing population of commercial sea cucumbers in Indonesia, has recently been designated an aquaculture development area. Recent developments of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra hatchery technology have successfully enabled the small-scale enterprise to produce hatcheryreared sandfish for restocking purposes. However, the grow-out phase requires considerable resources including ex-situ grow-out sites, labor, and distribution. This study aims to investigate the suitability of some potential grow-out sites for juvenile H. scabra in North Sulawesi waters. Three traditional sea cucumber fishing grounds in coastal areas of North Minahasa regency in North Sulawesi, i.e., Tanjung Merah, Tasikoki and Makalisung, were examined to determine their suitability as a grow-out site. Several criteria encompassing bioecological (native sea cucumber population, seagrass bed population, competitor/predator), environmental (substrate, protection to weather, water quality, tidal cycle), and technical/support (access, safety, labor) were assessed in each site. Site suitability analysis using a multi-criteria decision-making tool, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), shows that Tasikoki has the highest suitability score (48.94%) followed by Tanjung Merah (27.18%) and Makalisung (23.88%). Tasikoki scores higher than the two other sites in 7 out of 11 sub-criteria, including native sandfish population, seagrass species, substrate, weather protection, safety, and community support. Our finding suggests that Tasikoki is bioecologically, environmentally, and technically the best potential site to be developed for H. scabra juvenile grow-out.

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