Evolution of Biomineralization Genes in the Prismatic Layer of the Pen Shell Atrina pectinata

A Total of 379 pen shells Atrinapectinata were collected from February 2017 to January 2018 in the coastal waters of Maqueda Bay. Measurement and analysis of length and weight were done using FiSAT software. Population parameters were assessed to evaluate the stock status which includes the asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) to be 34.65 cm, 0.77 year−1 respectively. Specimens of A. pectinata reached a mean length of 20.98 cm. Length-weight relationship resulted to “negative allometric” 0.0462L2.6533 R2 = 0.7823; signifying pen shells growth was faster in length than on weight. The recruitment pattern was continuous over the year with one major peak during rainy season (July). In addition, the highest catch based on collected sampling date catch was during summer, which suggest as the peak season of the species in the area. Furthermore, the average catch annually of hookah diver was 17.69208. Higher condition index was recorded from April to May, September and January, indicating the high quality of pen shell meat and is recommended as the best period to harvest pen shell whereas June to August and October to December can be concluded as the spawning period of the pen shell and the ideal period to institute close season. Further analysis revealed that the pen shell was nearly facing overexploitation with the exploitation rate (E = 0.46) mainly due to lack of a minimum limit size and also due to an increase in the harvesting effort. The estimated total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F); 1.36 year−1, 1.01year−1 and 0.62 year−1, respectively. Using the mentioned (Z), (M), (F) and (E), the total population resulted to 84725.7 suggesting that half of the population has been exploited due to overfishing

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Polaribacter atrinae sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of a comb pen shell, Atrina pectinata

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.060889-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 64 (Pt_5) ◽

pp. 1654-1661 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Dong-Wook Hyun ◽

Na-Ri Shin ◽

Min-Soo Kim ◽

Pil Soo Kim ◽

Mi-Ja Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type Strain ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Unidentified Phospholipid ◽

Respiratory Quinone ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Pen Shell ◽

Atrina Pectinata

A novel Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-motile, yellow-to-orange carotenoid-type-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain WP25T, was isolated from the intestine of a comb pen shell, Atrina pectinata, which was collected from the South Sea near Yeosu in Korea. The isolate grew optimally at 20 °C, at pH 7 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain WP25T belonged to the genus Polaribacter in the family Flavobacteriaceae and the highest sequence similarity was shared with the type strain of Polaribacter sejongensis (98.5 %). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-6. The polar lipids of strain WP25T were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 31.2 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments indicated <12.6 % genomic relatedness with closely related strains. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain WP25T represents a novel species in the genus Polaribacter , for which the name Polaribacter atrinae sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain WP25T ( = KACC 17473T = JCM 19202T).

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