A simple method for fabricating artificial kidney stones of different physical properties

The objective of this study was to develop a model to estimate the axle torque (AT) of a tractor using an artificial neural network (ANN) based on a relatively low-cost sensor. ANN has proven to be useful in the case of nonlinear analysis, and it can be applied to consider nonlinear variables such as soil characteristics, unlike studies that only consider tractor major parameters, thus model performance and its implementation can be extended to a wider range. In this study, ANN-based models were compared with multiple linear regression (MLR)-based models for performance verification. The main input data were tractor engine parameters, major tractor parameters, and soil physical properties. Data of soil physical properties (i.e., soil moisture content and cone index) and major tractor parameters (i.e., engine torque, engine speed, specific fuel consumption, travel speed, tillage depth, and slip ratio) were collected during a tractor field experiment in four Korean paddy fields. The collected soil physical properties and major tractor parameter data were used to estimate the AT of the tractor by the MLR- and ANN-based models: 250 data points were used for developing and training the model were used, the 50 remaining data points were used to test the model estimation. The AT estimated with the developed MLR- and ANN-based models showed agreement with actual measured AT, with the R2 value ranging from 0.825 to 0.851 and from 0.857 to 0.904, respectively. These results suggest that the developed models are reliable in estimating tractor AT, while the ANN-based model showed better performance than the MLR-based model. This study can provide useful results as a simple method using ANNs based on relatively inexpensive sensors that can replace the existing complex tractor AT measurement method is emphasized.

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Erosion Effect on Soil Physical Properties in Selected Farmlands in Gidan Kwano, Niger State

Journal of Horticulture and Plant Research ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/jhpr.2.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 10-22

Author(s):

Abdulkadir Abdullahi

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Clay Content ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Matter Content ◽

Simple Method ◽

Cumulative Infiltration

The study was conducted to investigate if erosion is a major problem and to identify the effect of erosion on some physical properties on selected farmlands on four farms in Gidan kwano. It was done by observation, interview, and questionnaire and soil sample analysis. The infiltration rate, bulk density, porosity, organic matter content, particle size and aggregate stability were determined for all the sample location. The erosion fields results were compared with the results of the non-eroded fields. The results showed that farming was done with simple method and mechanized equipment when available and erosion was considered a major problem in all the farms. The results revealed that bulk density values ranged between 1.475gcm-3and 1.606gcm-3, cumulative infiltration rate fluctuated between 29.75cm/hr and 37.48cm/hr, porosity ranged between 36.49% and 44.34%, organic matter content fluctuated between 0.29% and 0.73% and aggregate stability ranged between 58.00% and 67.60% for the erosion field. The results also revealed that bulk density fluctuated between 1.458gcm-3and 1.544gcm-3, cumulative infiltration rate ranged between 32.19 cm/hr and 40.48cm/hr, porosity fluctuated between 41.73% and 44.98%, organic matter content ranged between 0.30% and 1.09% and aggregate stability ranged between 63.97% and 68.93% for the non-eroded field. From the results, it provides evidence that the effects of erosion on the physical properties were increased bulk density, decreased infiltration rate, organic matter content, porosity, aggregate stability and percentage sand, silt and clay content. Statistical analysis proved that the results were significant (p<0.05) except for the bulk density and porosity which could be attributed to the swelling and compaction characteristics of the soils.

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1684: Stone Orientation and Structure Affect the Mechanism of Failure in Human and Artificial Kidney Stones Subject to Shock Waves

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/s0022-5347(18)35806-3 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 173 (4S) ◽

pp. 457-457

Author(s):

Robin O. Cleveland ◽

Javier van Cauwelaert

Keyword(s):

Shock Waves ◽

Kidney Stones ◽

Artificial Kidney ◽

Mechanism Of Failure

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Three-dimensional fracture and fragmentation of artificial kidney stones

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/46/1/041 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 299-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alejandro Mota ◽

Jaroslaw Knap ◽

Michael Ortiz

Keyword(s):

Kidney Stones ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Artificial Kidney

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Physical Analysis of Kidney Stones:Metabolic Basis and Physical Practice

Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances ◽

10.1107/s2053273314098842 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (a1) ◽

pp. C115-C115

Author(s):

Poriya Kishorkumar

Keyword(s):

Kidney Stones ◽

Stone Formation ◽

Health Care Expenditure ◽

The Body ◽

Artificial Kidney ◽

Past Century ◽

Physical Analysis ◽

X Rays ◽

Waste Products ◽

Electron Dispersion

The kidneys play an important role in eliminating waste products from the body. Kidneys are a major source of morbidity and health care expenditure. They play an equally vital role in conservation of salt and water as the regulation of body's "internal environment". The past century has witnessed remarkable technological advances in the treatment and removal of Kidney Stones. Artificial Kidney and transplantation of Kidneys are today's reality, but advanced in prevention have been delayed by the incomplete understanding of what causes of stone formation. It is still unclear that how the Kidney Stones are grown in Kidneys. Investigation of kidney stone is based on urine chemistry, rather than physical analysis of stone itself. Such investigations does not explain the pathophysiology of stone formations. Chemical analysis and investigations can only be determines radical and ions but cannot resolve the crystalline entities. The present communication is an attempt to collect and prepared a huge data base for such samples. Naturally grown and surgically removed kidney stones were collected from various urological hospitals of Gujarat State with prescribe format. Such samples were analyzed with data analysis, and sophisticated physical tools like Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), Electron Dispersion Analysis by X-Rays(EDAX), Etching studies of such samples were made using inhibitor drug component as an Etchant.

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