Effect of the Earthworms Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea caliginosa on Bacterial Diversity in Soil

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taras Y. Nechitaylo ◽  
Michail M. Yakimov ◽  
Miguel Godinho ◽  
Kenneth N. Timmis ◽  
Elena Belogolova ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Mignon Sandor ◽  
Traian Brad ◽  
Aurel Maxim ◽  
Valentina Sandor ◽  
Bogdan Onica

Soil fauna activity in agricultural soil is a key factor to maintain soil fertility and to assure soil ecosystem services. It is now accepted that agricultural practices like tillage and pesticide use can harm soil organisms including earthworms and springtails. Other practices like the use of green manure or animal manure have been considered as being beneficial to these soil invertebrates. To deepen our knowledge on the effect of fertilizers (mineral and organic) on earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus terrestris) and springtails  (Folsomia candida) 56 microcosm experiments were made with two soil types and two hydric regimes. The microcosms were amended with four fertilizers: ammonium nitrate, mustard as green manure, cow manure and slurry. The results emphasize that mustard use had beneficial effect on Folsomia candida abundance and Aporrectodea caliginosa biomass, while mineral fertilizer had negative effects for all species used in the experiment.


2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 1013-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus A. Horn ◽  
Ralph Mertel ◽  
Matthias Gehre ◽  
Matthias Kästner ◽  
Harold L. Drake

ABSTRACT Earthworms emit the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), and ingested denitrifiers in the gut appear to be the main source of this N2O. The primary goal of this study was to determine if earthworms also emit dinitrogen (N2), the end product of complete denitrification. When [15N]nitrate was injected into the gut, the earthworms Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus terrestris emitted labeled N2 (and also labeled N2O) under in vivo conditions; emission of N2 by these two earthworms was relatively linear and approximated 1.2 and 6.6 nmol N2 per h per g (fresh weight), respectively. Isolated gut contents also produced [15N]nitrate-derived N2 and N2O under anoxic conditions. N2 is formed by N2O reductase, and acetylene, an inhibitor of this enzyme, inhibited the emission of [15N]nitrate-derived N2 by living earthworms. Standard gas chromatographic analysis demonstrated that the amount of N2O emitted was relatively linear during initial incubation periods and increased in response to acetylene. The calculated rates for the native emissions of N2 (i.e., without added nitrate) by A. caliginosa and L. terrestris were 1.1 and 1.5 nmol N2 per h per g (fresh weight), respectively; these emission rates approximated that of N2O. These collective observations indicate that (i) earthworms emit N2 concomitant with the emission of N2O via the in situ activity of denitrifying bacteria in the gut and (ii) N2O is quantitatively an important denitrification-derived end product under in situ conditions.


2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-265

Earthworm avoidance response is a new tool for rapid and efficient screening of potentially toxic substances added to soil environments. This technique was used to determine if five common, ecologically different earthworm species (Allolobophora chlorotica, Aporrectodea longa, Aporrectodea caliginosa, Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus terrestris) avoid soils amended with six biosolids (treated sewage sludge) applied at rates equivalent to realistic field rates of 0, 2, 5, 10 and 20 t ha-1. The results showed that A. chlorotica, E. fetida and L. terrestris were attracted by low concentrations of biosolids (2 t ha-1), whereas they avoided the highest concentration (20 t ha-1). The other species did not show any preferences. An additional treatment comparing the behaviour of E. fetida in natural and artificial soil suggested that the type of soil can alter the preference of earthworms. Comparisons of behavioural and actual toxicity data for the same six biosolids suggest that avoidance responses by earthworms are sensitive enough to reflect different toxicities of biosolids. It is concluded that earthworm avoidance behaviour offers an ecologically relevant tool for screening the deleterious rate-effect of biosolid amended soils.


2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-513
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Shakhnazarova ◽  
A. V. Yakushev ◽  
K. L. Yakkonen ◽  
A. A. Kichko ◽  
T. S. Aksenova ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 802-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Stellin ◽  
Federico Gavinelli ◽  
Piergiorgio Stevanato ◽  
Giuseppe Concheri ◽  
Andrea Squartini ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-David Moore ◽  
Rock Ouimet ◽  
Patrick Bolhen

Au cours des dernières décennies, des vers de terre exotiques ont colonisé les sols dans plusieurs forêts de l’Amérique du Nord. L’acidité des sols et la rigueur du climat pourraient avoir limité leur colonisation dans certaines forêts tempérées de feuillus. Cependant, le réchauffement climatique et l’utilisation de plus en plus fréquente du chaulage pour contrer le dépérissement des érablières pourraient rendre ces sites plus vulnérables à la colonisation par les vers de terre. Par des expériences sur le terrain et en laboratoire, nous avons évalué la capacité de survie et de reproduction de 3 espèces de vers de terre exotiques dans des sols chaulés (pH de 5,0 à 5,6) et non chaulés (pH ~ 4,0) d’une érablière au sol acide située au nord de l’aire de répartition des érablières au Québec. L’amélioration des caractéristiques du sol par le chaulage a positivement influencé le degré d’activité, la survie et la reproduction de Lumbricus terrestris et d’Aporrectodea caliginosa, 2 espèces d’origine européenne établies en Amérique du Nord. Par contre, l’acidité du sol non chaulé ne semble pas favorable à la colonisation par Lumbricus terrestris, mais pourrait ne pas limiter Aporrectodea caliginosa. Par ailleurs, nos observations indiquent qu’Amynthas hawayanus, une espèce d’origine asiatique établie aux États-Unis, était très active durant la saison estivale et automnale, autant dans le sol acide que chaulé, mais n’avait pas réussi à compléter son cycle de vie avant l’hiver. À la lumière de ces résultats, il semble donc probable que certaines espèces de vers de terre, telles qu’Aporrectodea caliginosa et Lumbricus terrestris, puissent coloniser certaines érablières chaulées au cours des prochaines décennies. Selon des études récentes, cette colonisation par les vers de terre pourrait nuire à l’intégrité écologique de ces érablières.


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