Annual movement strategy predicts within-season space use by moose

Abstract The heterogeneity of resource availability shapes animal movements at different spatio-temporal scales. Given that movements at various scales are assumed to be linked, the space use of temperate ungulates within seasonal ranges (winter, summer) should be related to their movement patterns at the annual scale. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the level of stationarity of moose (Alces alces) within their seasonal ranges and to link annual movement patterns to within-season space use. We analysed the ranging behaviour of 32 moose fitted with GPS collars from two study areas in Eastern Poland, where at the annual scale a fraction of individuals migrate between summer and winter ranges (partial migration). Our results revealed that moose stationarity within seasonal home ranges expressed remarkable variation. The probability of moose stationarity within seasonal ranges was significantly higher (by 23%), and the mean home range size tended to be lower (9.7 km2) among individuals that seasonally migrated than among non-migratory moose (14.3 km2). In addition, we found that (i) in summer, moose were significantly more stationary (by 19%) and exhibited a smaller mean home range size than in winter (9.0 and 15.9 km2, respectively) and (ii) the mean seasonal home range size of males (19.6 km2) was remarkably greater than that of females (9.6 km2). Given the significant link between annual and seasonal scales of animal movements, any environmental change (e.g. climate warming) affecting an animal’s annual movement strategy could alter within-season animal space use and presumably individual fitness. Significance statement To maximize their fitness, animals adjust their movements to deal with variations in resource distribution in the landscape. The scale of spatio-temporal variation causes different types of migratory behaviours, ranging from year-round stationarity to migration, when individuals establish spatially separated seasonal ranges. Studies on ungulates suggest that the stability and the size of seasonal home ranges can be linked to annual movement behaviour. Using the locations of GPS-tracked moose, we demonstrate in this study that migratory individuals were more prone to establishing stable seasonal home ranges (especially in summer) than moose that occupied the same area throughout the year. Moreover, stable seasonal home ranges were remarkably smaller in summer than in winter, which may suggest a season-specific spatial distribution and a renewability of moose forage. Our results show a clear link between different temporal scales of animal movements.

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Mating strategies of Pampean mouse males

Animal Biology ◽

10.1163/157075612x634102 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 381-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Florencia Bonatto ◽

Daniela Gomez ◽

Andrea Steinmann ◽

José Priotto

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Home Range ◽

Space Use ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Mating Strategies ◽

Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Males And Females ◽

Akodon Azarae

Patterns of space use and sexual dimorphism are frequently used to infer mating systems. We examined body size and home range size and intra- and intersexual overlap degree in order to elucidate mating strategy of Akodon azarae males. We studied spacing patterns using 113 and 129 home ranges established by males and females, respectively, in four 0.25 ha enclosures during the breeding season. Significant differences between sexes in home range size and overlap degree were found. Male home ranges were always larger than those of females. We observed exclusive space use among males and among females. Considering only those males that shared their home ranges with females, average intersexual overlap value was about 50%. Males mainly overlap their home ranges with home ranges of two or three females. Significant differences in body size were found between males and females, with males being larger. We concluded that space use and sexual dimorphism in this species is consistent with patterns characteristic of polygynous rodents, and we propose a polygynous system in A. azarae.

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Home range sizes of Cape Mountain Zebras Equus Zebra Zebra in the Mountain Zebra National Park

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v25i1.608 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. L Penzhorn

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

National Park ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

The Mean

The mean home range size of Cape mountain zebra breeding herds was 9,4 km2 (range 3,1 @ 16,0 km2). In two herds which split up, the home ranges of the resultant herds included the original home ranges, but were larger.

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Annual vs. Multiple-Year Home Range Sizes of Individual Blanding's Turtles, Emydoidea blandingii, in Central Wisconsin

The Canadian Field-Naturalist ◽

10.22621/cfn.v122i1.545 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 122 (1) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Matthew Schuler ◽

Richard P. Thiel

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Space Use ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Convex Polygons ◽

Short Term ◽

Emydoidea Blandingii ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Short Time

Most studies of home ranges occur over short time periods and may not represent the spacial requirements of long-lived organisms such as turtles. Home ranges of 18 individual Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) were measured using minimum convex polygons. Annual space use was compared to multi-year space use by individual turtles. We found a significant difference between annual home range size (25.5 hectares) and multi-year (two to six years) home range size (65.7 hectares; n = 18, P = 0.016). Caution should be employed when making management decisions based on short-term studies of long lived species.

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Home range of the Tropidurid lizard Liolaemus lutzae: sexual and body size differences

Revista Brasileira de Biologia ◽

10.1590/s0034-71081999000100016 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 125-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

C. F. D. ROCHA

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Home Range ◽

Mutual Exclusion ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Adult Males ◽

Adult Females ◽

The Mean ◽

Janeiro State

The home range of the Tropidurid lizard Liolaemus lutzae, an endemic species of the costal sand dune habitats of Rio de Janeiro State, was studied in the beach habitat of Barra de Maricá restinga, Maricá County. Home ranges were studied using a mark-recapture technique in a delimited area at the beach habitat. I considered for estimates and analysis the home ranges of those lizards with a minimum of four positions. The size of L. lutzae home ranges varied according to the segment of the population. The mean home range size of adult males (x = 59.8 ± 33.7 m²) was significantly larger than that of adult females (x = 22.3 ± 16.1 m²). Juvenile mean home range size was significantly smaller than that of adult males, but did not differ from that of adult females (t = 1.058; p = 0.149). The overlap between male home ranges was usually low (3.6%), being in general only peripheral. Conversely, there was a considerable overlap between home ranges of adult females with those of adult males, the home range areas of two or three females being enclosed in the home range of one adult male. The small overlap between home ranges of adult males suggested mutual exclusion. The observed between-sex differences in the size of L. lutzae home range may be explained by the sexual dimorphism in body size in this species, and by the need of adult males to establish larger areas so as to include many females in their areas, during the reproductive season. The differences in home range along ontogeny probably result from differences in body size of the different segments of the population, due to trophic differences (carnivory and herbivory levels), and the dispersal of young after birth. Because L. lutzae is omnivorous, but primarily herbivorous when adult, and due to its sit-and-wait foraging behavior (mainly on arthropods), it does not need to move around over large areas to find food, which in turn reduces the area necessary for it to live.

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Female tiger Panthera tigris home range size and prey abundance: important metrics for management

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605312001408 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 370-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Achara Simcharoen ◽

Tommaso Savini ◽

George A. Gale ◽

Saksit Simcharoen ◽

Somphot Duangchantrasiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Range Size ◽

Prey Abundance ◽

Published Data ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Panthera Tigris ◽

Convex Polygons ◽

The Mean

AbstractTigers Panthera tigris are highly threatened and continue to decline across their entire range. Actions to restore and conserve populations need to be based on science but, in South-east Asia, information on ecology and behaviour of tigers is lacking. This study reports the relationship between the home range size of female tigers and prey abundance, using data from radio-collared tigers in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand, and published data from other studies. A total of 11 tigers, four males and seven females, were fitted with global positioning system collars, to estimate home ranges using 95 and 100% minimum convex polygons (MCP). Prey abundance was estimated by faecal accumulation rates. The mean home range size of male tigers was 267 and 294 km2 based on 95 and 100% MCPs, respectively; the mean female home range size was 70 and 84 km2, respectively. Territories of male and female tigers had little overlap, which indicated both sexes were territorial. Mean densities of the prey species sambar Rusa unicolor, barking deer Muntiacus muntjac and large bovids were 7.5, 3.5 and 3.0 km−2, respectively. When female home range size and prey abundance were compared at six locations in Thailand, and at other sites in India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Russia, a significant negative correlation was found between prey abundance and home range size. Monitoring this relationship can provide managers with metrics for setting conservation goals.

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Space use of wintering waterbirds in India: Influence of trophic ecology on home-range size

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/czoolo/60.5.616 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 616-621

Author(s):

Tsewang Namgail ◽

John Y. Takekawa ◽

Sivananinthaperumal Bala-Chandran ◽

Ponnusamy Sathiyaselvam ◽

Taej Mundkur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Body Mass ◽

Feeding Habits ◽

Satellite Telemetry ◽

Space Use ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Biological Traits ◽

Indian States

Abstract Relationship between species’ home range and their other biological traits remains poorly understood, especially in migratory birds due to the difficulty associated with tracking them. Advances in satellite telemetry and remote sensing techniques have proved instrumental in overcoming such challenges. We studied the space use of migratory ducks through satellite telemetry with an objective of understanding the influence of body mass and feeding habits on their home-range sizes. We marked 26 individuals, representing five species of migratory ducks, with satellite transmitters during two consecutive winters in three Indian states. We used kernel methods to estimate home ranges and core use areas of these waterfowl, and assessed the influence of body mass and feeding habits on home-range size. Feeding habits influenced the home-range size of the migratory ducks. Carnivorous ducks had the largest home ranges, herbivorous ducks the smallest, while omnivorous species had intermediate home-ranges. Body mass did not explain variation in home-range size. To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind on migratory ducks, and it has important implications for their conservation and management.

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Space use and territoriality in swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in northeastern Colorado

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z2012-003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 337-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amariah A. Lebsock ◽

Christopher L. Burdett ◽

Safi K. Darden ◽

Torben Dabelsteen ◽

Michael F. Antolin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Spatial Ecology ◽

Space Use ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Spatial Overlap ◽

Vulpes Velox ◽

Shortgrass Prairie ◽

Core Areas

Space use is a fundamental characteristic that informs our knowledge of social relationships and the degree to which individuals are territorial. Until recently, relatively little was known about the spatial ecology and social organization of swift foxes ( Vulpes velox (Say, 1823)). We investigated space use of swift foxes on shortgrass prairie in northeastern Colorado. Our first objective was to evaluate sizes of seasonal and annual home ranges and core areas of 13 radio-collared swift foxes monitored continuously for 2 years. Our second objective was to compare home-range and core-area overlap of breeding pairs to that of neighboring foxes, including male–male, female–female, and nonbreeding female–male dyads. Home-range size in our study population was among the smallest previously reported for swift foxes. Males tended to have slightly larger home ranges and core areas than females, and home-range size was significantly larger in the breeding season than in both the pup-rearing and the dispersal seasons; sizes of core areas did not differ seasonally. Spatial overlap between breeding pairs was substantial, whereas spatial overlap between neighbors, particularly males, was low, suggesting territoriality.

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Space Use by Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) in the Sikhote-Alin

Journal of Siberian Federal University Biology ◽

10.17516/1997-1389-0308 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 366-384

Author(s):

Ivan V. Seryodkin ◽

Yuriy K. Kostyria ◽

John M. Goodrich ◽

Yuriy K. Petrunenko

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Ursus Arctos ◽

Brown Bear ◽

Space Use ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Sikhote Alin ◽

Brown Bears ◽

Wide Range

Proper management of brown bear populations (Ursus arctos) requires knowledge of their ecology, including space use. Brown bear spatial patterns are particularly poorly understood in the Russian Far East, due to lack of telemetry studies. The aim of this work was to study space use by brown bears in the Sikhote-Alin region. From 1993 to 2002, we used VHF radiocollars to collect spatial data from nine males (eight adults and one juvenile) and six females (five adults and one juvenile) in the Middle Sikhote-Alin. Fixed Kernel home range size estimates were larger for males (891.34 ± 346.99 km2) than for females (349.94 ± 543.06 km2). The juvenile home range sizes were 237.24 and 333.64 km2 for the male and female, respectively. The maximum home range size was for the two-year area of one male (9217.36 km2). The core area sizes varied over a wide range (6.12–358.45 km2). The structure and location of home ranges and their core areas depended upon the seasonal habitat selection of bears, as well as the distribution, abundance, and accessibility of foraging resources. Bears’ home ranges overlapped between males and females, as well as between same sex individuals. The results of this work are important for the management of the brown bear population in the Sikhote-Alin

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Size of home range of Tengmalm’s owl (Aegolius funereus) males during breeding season assessed by radio-telemetry in the Jizera Mountains, Czechia

Slovak Raptor Journal ◽

10.2478/srj-2018-0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Marek Kouba ◽

Václav Tomášek

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Breeding Season ◽

Radio Telemetry ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Range Size ◽

Time Interval ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Aegolius Funereus ◽

The Mean ◽

Tengmalm's Owl

Abstract Animal home ranges are typically characterized by their size, shape and a given time interval and can be affected by many different biotic and abiotic factors. Understanding of animal movements and assessing the size of their home ranges are essential topics in ecology and necessary for effective species protection, especially concerning birds of prey. Using radio-telemetry (VHF; 2.1 g tail-mounted tags) we studied the movements of two Tengmalm’s owl (Aegolius funereus) males during the breeding season 2008 in a mountain area of Central Europe (the Czech Republic, the Jizera Mountains: 50˚ 50’ N, 15˚ 16’ E). We determined their average nocturnal hunting and diurnal roosting home range sizes. The mean hunting home range size calculated according to the 90% fixed kernel density estimator was 251.1 ± 43.2 ha (± SD). The mean roosting home range size calculated according to the 100% minimum convex polygon method was 57.9 ± 15.8 ha (± SD). The sizes of hunting home ranges during breeding in this study coincide with those previously reported by other studies focusing on Tengmalm’s owl males. However, we found the roosting home ranges were smaller in size compared to those previously reported. This result was most probably connected with different habitat structure in our study area, which was severally damaged by air-pollution in the past, thus probably offering fewer suitable hiding-places, for instance from predators. We found the roosting locations were concentrated in the oldest and densest Norway spruce forest patches. We emphasize that these parts of forest stands require the highest possible protection in our study area.

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Home Range and Territoriality of Two Hawaiian Honeycreepers, the ‘ĀKohekohe and Maui Parrotbill

The Condor ◽

10.1093/condor/103.4.746 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 103 (4) ◽

pp. 746-755

Author(s):

Thane K. Pratt ◽

John C. Simon ◽

Brian P. Farm ◽

Kim E. Berlin ◽

James R. Kowalsky

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Adult Male ◽

Cloud Forest ◽

Space Use ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Hawaiian Honeycreepers ◽

Montane Cloud Forest ◽

Trophic Niches

Abstract Hawaiian honeycreepers have radiated into a diversity of trophic niches and patterns of space-use. We investigated space-use in two honeycreeper species, the ‘Ākohekohe (Palmeria dolei), an endangered nectarivore, and Maui Parrotbill (Pseudonestor xanthophrys), an endangered wood excavator, by mapping the home ranges and dispersion of color-banded individuals at a study site in relatively undisturbed montane cloud forest on Maui Island, Hawai‘i. With 20% of outlying points excluded, home-range size averaged much smaller for adult male ‘Ākohekohe (0.56 ha) than for male Maui Parrotbill (2.26 ha). In both species, a female's home range mostly overlapped that of her mate. Adult male Maui Parrotbill defended year-round home ranges from which they excluded conspecifics except for their mates and dependent offspring. Although our data suggest that ‘Ākohekohe also maintained all-purpose territories, the evidence is less convincing because these birds were seen feeding in the home ranges of other individuals. By defending all-purpose territories, these two species depart from the more common honeycreeper pattern of sharing large, undefended home ranges. Rango de Hogar y Territorialidad en Dos Mieleros de Hawai, Palmeria dolei y Pseudonestor xanthophrys Resumen. Los mieleros de Hawai han radiado en una gran diversidad de nichos tróficos y patrones de uso del espacio. Investigamos el uso del espacio en dos especies amenazadas de mieleros, Palmeria dolei, un nectarívoro, y Pseudonestor xanthophrys, un excavador de madera. Mapeamos los rangos de hogar y dispersión de individuos marcadas con bandas de colores en un sitio relativamente no perturbado de bosque montano nublado, en la Isla Maui, Hawai. Excluyendo el 20% de los valores extremos, el tamaño promedio de los rangos de hogar de los machos adultos de P. dolei fue mucho menor (0.56 ha) que el de los machos de P. xanthophrys (2.26 ha). En ambas especies, el rango de hogar de la hembra se sobrepuso en gran parte al rango del macho. Los machos adultos de P. xanthophrys defendieron su territorio durante todo el año excluyendo a individuos conespecíficos con excepción de sus parejas y crías dependientes. A pesar que nuestros datos indican que P. dolei también mantuvo territorios, la evidencia es menos convincente debido a que estas aves fueron observadas forrajeando en rangos de hogar de otros individuos. Las dos especies estudiadas defienden sus territorios, lo cual las diferencia del patrón común observado en los mieleros, que consiste en compartir extensos rangos de hogar no defendidos.

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