Variation of three-dimensional femoral bowing and its relation to physical status and bone mineral density: a study with CT

Abstract Although alterations in bone mineral density (BMD) at the proximal tibia have been suggested to play a role in various musculoskeletal conditions, their pathophysiological implications and their value as markers for diagnosis remain unclear. Improving our understanding of proximal tibial BMD requires novel tools for three-dimensional (3D) analysis of BMD distribution. Three-dimensional imaging is possible with computed tomography (CT), but computational anatomy algorithms are missing to standardize the quantification of 3D proximal tibial BMD, preventing distribution analyses. The objectives of this study were to develop and assess a registration method, suitable with routine knee CT scans, to allow the standardized quantification of 3D BMD distribution in the proximal tibia. Second, as an example of application, the study aimed to characterize the distribution of BMD below the tibial cartilages in healthy knees. A method was proposed to register both the surface (vertices) and the content (voxels) of proximal tibias. The method combines rigid transformations to account for differences in bone size and position in the scanner's field of view and to address inconsistencies in the portion of the tibial shaft included in routine CT scan, with a nonrigid transformation locally matching the proximal tibias. The method proved to be highly reproducible and provided a comprehensive description of the relationship between bone depth and BMD. Specifically it reported significantly higher BMD in the first 6 mm of bone than deeper in the proximal tibia. In conclusion, the proposed method offers promising possibilities to analyze BMD and other properties of the tibia in 3D.

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Proximal tibia volumetric bone mineral density is correlated to the magnitude of local acceleration in male long-distance runners

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00865.2009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 108 (4) ◽

pp. 852-857 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Olivier Dériaz ◽

Bijan Najafi ◽

Pierluigi Ballabeni ◽

Antoinette Crettenand ◽

Charles Gobelet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Proximal Tibia ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Heel Strike ◽

Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Long Distance ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

A Prospective Study

The beneficial effect of physical exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) is at least partly explained by the forces exerted directly on the bones. Male runners present generally higher BMD than sedentary individuals. We postulated that the proximal tibia BMD is related to the running distance, as well as to the magnitude of the shocks (while running) in male runners. A prospective study (three yearly measurements) included 81 healthy male subjects: 16 sedentary lean subjects, and 3 groups of runners (5–30 km/wk, n = 19; 30–50 km/wk, n = 29; 50–100 km/wk, n = 17). Several measurements were performed at the proximal tibia level: volumetric BMD (vBMD) and cortical index (CI), i.e., an index of cortical bone thickness and peak accelerations (an index of shocks during heel strike) while running (measured by a three-dimensional accelerometer). A general linear model assessed the prediction of vBMD or CI by 1) simple effects (running distance, peak accelerations, time); and 2) interactions (for instance, if vBMD prediction by peak acceleration depends on running distance). CI and vBMD 1) increase with running distance to reach a plateau over 30 km/wk; and 2) are positively associated with peak accelerations over 30 km/wk. Running may be associated with high peak accelerations to have beneficial effects on BMD. More important strains are needed to be associated with the same increase in BMD during running sessions of short duration than those of long duration. CI and vBMD are associated with the magnitude of the shocks during heel strike in runners.

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Analysis of three-dimensional bone mineral density and bone strength measured by quantitative computed tomography following denosumab discontinuation in a patient with postmenopausal osteoporosis

Clinical Interventions in Aging ◽

10.2147/cia.s205971 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol Volume 14 ◽

pp. 1445-1450 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Koki Tsuchiya ◽

Koji Ishikawa ◽

Soji Tani ◽

Yusuke Oshita ◽

Takuma Kuroda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Postmenopausal Osteoporosis ◽

Bone Strength ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Mineral Density

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Maintenance of Periprosthetic Bone Mineral Density with a Cementless Three Dimensional Straight Tapered Stem

Hip International ◽

10.5301/hip.2011.6501 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 163-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shinya Hayashi ◽

Takayuki Nishiyama ◽

Takaaki Fujishiro ◽

Noriyuki Kanzaki ◽

Shingo Hashimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Periprosthetic Bone ◽

Periprosthetic Bone Mineral Density ◽

Tapered Stem

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Three dimensional bone mineral density changes in the femur over 1 year in primary total hip arthroplasty patients

Clinical Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 78 ◽

pp. 105092 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Magnus Kjartan Gislason ◽

Francesca Lupidio ◽

Halldór Jónsson ◽

Luca Cristofolini ◽

Luca Esposito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Hip Arthroplasty ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Total Hip ◽

Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty

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Three-Dimensional Characterization of Trabecular Bone Mineral Density of the Distal Radius Utilizing Quantitative Computed Tomography

Hand ◽

10.1177/1558944718789407 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 131-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tyler S. Pidgeon ◽

Katia A. DaSilva ◽

Joseph J. Crisco ◽

Eric C. Johnson ◽

Alison B. Chambers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Trabecular Bone ◽

Distal Radius ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Quantitative Ct ◽

Trabecular Bone Mineral Density

Background: Distal radius (DR) fractures demonstrate patterns of predictable fragments. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of these regions of interest (ROIs) may guide more precise treatment. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans of the DR of 42 healthy volunteers (23 female) were analyzed using quantitative CT software, measuring BMD within trabecular bone. Seven ROIs were described by alignment with the distal (volar ulnar distal [VUD], dorsal ulnar distal [DUD], volar radial distal [VRD], and dorsal radial distal [DRD]) or proximal (middle ulnar proximal [MUP], middle proximal [MP], and middle radial proximal [MRP]) sigmoid notch. Additional ROIs were the radial styloid (RS) and metadiaphysis (MD). A general estimation equation assessed subject’s BMDs with predictive factors of gender, ROI, and age. The interaction between gender, ROI, and age was included in the model to allow for differences in ROI to vary with gender and/or age. Results: Comparing ROIs within the same gender and, separately, within the same age group revealed significantly higher BMD adjacent to the radioulnar and radiocarpal joints. Male and female individuals aged ≥50 years (mean: 172.7 mg/cm3 ± 6.1) had significantly lower BMD than those aged <50 years (mean: 202.7 mg/cm3 ± 5.8) when all ROIs were considered. Males had higher mean BMD at each ROI compared with females; these differences were significant in 5 of the 9 ROIs: VUD, DUD, DRD, RS, MUP. Conclusions: Trabecular BMD of the DR is highest adjacent to the radioulnar and radiocarpal joints. Female patients and those ≥50 years have lower trabecular BMD.

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