scholarly journals Morphometric analysis of the splenic artery using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Brinkman ◽  
Stephanie Troquay ◽  
Wouter J. de Jonge ◽  
Eric D. Irwin ◽  
Margriet J. Vervoordeldonk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Splenic Artery ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the morphology and course of the splenic artery, which might impact the surgical implantation of systems that stimulate the nerves surrounding the splenic artery. Experimental studies indicate that these nerves play an important part in immune modulation, and might be a potential target in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Methods This retrospective cohort study made use of contrast-enhanced CT images from 40 male and 40 female patients (age 30–69) that underwent a CT examination of the aorta, kidneys or pancreas. Anatomic features were described including total splenic artery length, calibers, tortuosity, the presence of arterial loops and the branching pattern of the splenic artery. Results No age-gender-related differences could be found related to tortuosity or branching pattern. The length of splenic artery in contact with pancreatic tissue decreased with increasing age, but was not different between genders. Artery diameters were wider in male compared to female subjects. Loops of variable directions, that represent a part of the artery that curls out of the pancreatic tissue, were identified in each age-gender category and were present in nearly all subjects (86%). Conclusion This study suggests that although some anatomic features of the splenic artery are subject to factors as age and gender, the tortuosity of the splenic artery is not age dependent. Most subjects had one or multiple loops, which can serve as a target for neuromodulatory devices. Future studies should investigate whether splenic nerve stimulation is safe and feasible.

scholarly journals Misdiagnosis of Rectus Abdominis Abscess Owing to Delayed Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Nagase ◽  
Yukinori Harada
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Rectus Abdominis Muscle ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
The Right ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography

A 77-year-old man, who was on anticoagulation, presented with a painful lump on the right abdominal wall. Laboratory tests showed slight anaemia and elevated inflammatory markers. Abdominal plain computed tomography (CT) revealed a mass in the right rectus abdominis muscle. He was admitted with a diagnosis of primary rectus abdominis haematoma. However, on the next day, the diagnosis was corrected to primary rectus abdominis abscess, following contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen. This case illustrates the importance of considering primary rectus abdominis abscess in patients with suspected primary rectus abdominis haematoma, and contrast should be used when performing CT.

scholarly journals Chest Pain of Uncertain Aetiology: Role of Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography in the Emergency Department

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
Firas Yassin ◽  
Chris Sawh ◽  
Pankaj Garg
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Acute Chest Pain ◽  
Coronary Event ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

There is increasing role of computed tomographic (CT) in the assessment of acute chest pain in the emergency department especially when the diagnosis is not clear. We report a case where non ECG gated contrast enhanced CT in the emergency department for rule-out of pulmonary embolus guided to the actual diagnosis, which was, acute coronary event, as evidenced by the presence of perfusion defect.

scholarly journals Differentiating Central Lung Tumors from Atelectasis with Contrast-Enhanced CT-Based Radiomics Features

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rui Chai ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Pinle Qin ◽  
Jianchao Zeng ◽  
Jiwei Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Gain ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Pulmonary Cancer ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography

Objectives. To evaluate the utility of radiomics features in differentiating central lung cancers and atelectasis on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images. This study is retrospective. Materials and Methods. In this study, 36 patients with central pulmonary cancer and atelectasis between July 2013 and June 2018 were identified. A total of 1,653 2D and 2,327 3D radiomics features were extracted from segmented lung cancers and atelectasis on contrast-enhanced CT. The refined features were investigated for usefulness in classifying lung cancer and atelectasis according to the information gain, and 10 models were trained based on these features. The classification model is trained and tested at the region level and pixel level, respectively. Results. Among all the extracted features, 334 2D features and 1,507 3D features had an information gain (IG) greater than 0.1. The highest accuracy (AC) of the region classifiers was 0.9375. The best Dice score, Hausdorff distance, and voxel AC were 0.2076, 45.28, and 0.8675, respectively. Conclusions. Radiomics features derived from contrast-enhanced CT images can differentiate lung cancers and atelectasis at the regional and voxel levels.

Horseshoe Kidney Blunt Trauma With Double Laceration: Endovascular Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 643-645
Author(s):  
Enrico Boninsegna ◽  
Emilio Simonini ◽  
Stefano Crosara ◽  
Carlo Sozzi ◽  
Stefano Colopi
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Trauma ◽  
Horseshoe Kidney ◽  
Left Common Iliac Artery ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Arterial Hemorrhage ◽  
Endovascular Approach ◽  
Perinephric Hematoma ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

A 78-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital after abdominal trauma. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a horseshoe kidney with a perinephric hematoma and evidence of arterial hemorrhage. An anomalous renal arterial anatomy was noted as well, with a renal artery originating from the left common iliac artery. He was successfully treated via an endovascular approach. Varying forms of vascularization may complicate angiographic treatment of patients with abdominal trauma in a setting of kidney anomalies. Obtaining and evaluating contrast-enhanced CT angiography can identify anomalous vessels and can be invaluable when deciding on the most appropriate interventional approach.

Suspected haemorrhagic cystitis in a dog as delayed complication after contrast-enhanced computed tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001011
Author(s):  
Nausikaa Devriendt ◽  
Norbert van de Velde ◽  
Emmelie Stock ◽  
Evelien de Bakker ◽  
Hilde de Rooster
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Multimodal Analgesia ◽  
Haemorrhagic Cystitis ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Delayed Complication ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

A 10-month-old female intact Australian shepherd dog was diagnosed with an intrapelvic mass. Blood and urinanalyses were unremarkable. A contrast-enhanced CT scan was performed to define the extent of the mass. A large, expansile, heterogeneous mass, extending from the ventral aspect of the last lumbar vertebra until the second caudate vertebra and invading the vertebral canal at the lumbosacral junction with displacement of all organs in the caudal abdomen, was diagnosed. Two days after the CT scan, the dog was euthanased because of deterioration of clinical signs despite the start of multimodal analgesia. Necropsy and subsequent histology and immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of a plasmacytoma and haemorrhagic cystitis. The haemorrhagic cystitis was most likely caused by the contrast agent used for the CT scan that remained in the bladder for a prolonged time, secondary to subobstruction of the urethra.

scholarly journals Contrast-enhanced computed tomography for optimizing the outcomes of pulmonary vein isolation with cryoablation -the role of isolation of PVs including carina-

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Sakamoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Osanai ◽  
Yuki Tanaka ◽  
Shotaro Hiramatsu ◽  
Hikari Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Early Success ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography

Abstract Purpose Compared with conventional pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with radiofrequency ablation, PVI with cryoballoon is an easier and shorter procedure without reconnection, particularly in the superior pulmonary vein. However, the durability of the cryoballoon may be reduced due to anatomical factors and the position of the pulmonary vein (PV). Further, inadequate isolation of the carina leads to recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to determine whether using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) for patient selection improves the early success rate and prevents the recurrence of AF in PVI with cryoballoon. Methods We evaluated patients who underwent ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in our hospital between July 2019 and November 2020. After excluding patients with contraindications for cryoablation, 50 patients were selected through visual inspection of the results of preoperative contrast-enhanced CT. A treatment plan was established, and the clinical course and outcomes were followed up. Results Of the 200 PVs of the 50 patients, only 8 PVs (4%) were incompletely isolated with a single cryoablation. Six of the eight PVs were successfully isolated with additional cryoablation. Only 2 patients (4%) underwent additional PVI with radiofrequency ablation. Four patients had AF recurrence within a mean follow-up period of 14.3 ± 5.1 months. The rate of sinus rhythm maintenance was 92%. PV reconnection was observed in 2 patients. None of the patients had postoperative atrial flutter. Conclusions Selecting patients for cryoablation according to contrast-enhanced CT findings made the procedure easier to perform, leading to improved early success rates and clinical course.

scholarly journals A Case of Isolated Celiac Artery Dissection Accompanied by Splenic Infarction Detected by Ultrasonography in the Emergency Department

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumasa Emori ◽  
Nobuhiro Takeuchi ◽  
Junichi Soneda
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Celiac Artery ◽  
Splenic Infarction ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
History Of ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

A 46-year-old male with a history of hypertension visited the emergency department (ED) by ambulance complaining of sudden pain in the left side of his back. Ultrasonography (USG) performed at ED revealed splenic infarction along with occlusion and dissection of the celiac and splenic arteries without abdominal artery dissection. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed the same result. Consequently, spontaneous isolated celiac artery dissection (SICAD) was diagnosed. Because his blood pressure was high (159/70 mmHg), antihypertensive medicine was administered (nicardipine and carvedilol). After his blood reached optimal levels (130/80 mmHg), symptoms disappeared. Follow-up USG and contrast enhanced CT performed 8 days and 4 months after onset revealed amelioration of splenic infarction and improvement of the narrowed artery. Here, we report a case of SICAD with splenic infarction presenting with severe left-sided back pain and discuss the relevance of USG in an emergency setting.

Late Nonanastomotic Pseudoaneurysm From the Prosthetic Graft: A Successful Transcatheter Arterial Embolization Using Coils

2020 ◽  
pp. 153857442097558
Author(s):  
Atsushi Saiga ◽  
Jun Hashiba ◽  
Jun Koizumi ◽  
Hideki Ueda ◽  
Yoshihiro Kubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcatheter Arterial Embolization ◽  
Arterial Embolization ◽  
Prosthetic Graft ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Anastomotic Site ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

A 71-year-old man who received a total arch replacement with a knitted Dacron® graft presented aneurysmal sac re-expansion due to leakage at the distal anastomotic site of the graft. He did not tolerate the stress of general anesthesia due to severe pulmonary function impairment. Therefore, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in zone 3 was performed under epidural anesthesia. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed another leakage into the aneurysmal sac in zone 1 after performing TEVAR. Because open surgical repair and debranching TEVAR were contraindicated, transcatheter arterial embolization was performed with careful consideration of his comorbidities. Follow-up contrast-enhanced CT performed 2 weeks after embolization indicated no opacification of the aneurysmal sac, and noncontrast-enhanced CT a year after embolization showed no dilatation of the aneurysmal sac.

scholarly journals The prevalence of undiagnosed abnormalities on non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography compared to contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the brain

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Minné ◽  
Margaret E. Kisansa ◽  
Nazeema Ebrahim ◽  
Farhana E. Suleman ◽  
Nonjabulo Z. Makhanya
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Ct Technology ◽  
Ct Brain ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography

Background: Even though magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard investigation for intracranial pathology, it is not widely available in developing countries and computed tomography (CT) of the brain remains the first-line investigation for patients with suspected intracranial pathology. It is generally accepted that certain intracranial pathology can be missed on non-contrast-enhanced CT (NECT) of the brain if a contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) is not done. We have to consider on the one hand the risk of delayed or missed diagnosis and on the other hand the cost, increased radiation exposure and contrast-induced reactions. Advances in CT technology have also improved the resolution of CT scan images, making it easier to identify pathology on an NECT of the brain. To date, no study comparing NECT to CECT of the brain, utilising 64-slice CT technology, has been published.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of undiagnosed abnormalities on non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) scans of the brain reported as normal, on a 64-slice CT scanner.Method: A descriptive retrospective study was undertaken of CT brain scans done during a 12-month period at a tertiary provincial hospital in the Northern Tshwane district of Gauteng, South Africa. The CT brain scans were evaluated by three reviewers (general radiologists). The NECT and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scans of the brain were reviewed independently on separate occasions. Reviewers were blinded to patient history, each other’s interpretation, and to their own interpretation of the NECT when evaluating the CECT and vice versa. Discrepancies in interpretation were resolved during a consensus meeting between all three reviewers. The reviewers also re-evaluated the NECT scans of the cases with undiagnosed abnormal findings during this session. A decision was made pertaining to the visibility of the abnormal findings on the NECT scan.Results: In this study, 3.28% of cases had abnormal findings undiagnosed by three reviewers on the NECT scans. Re-evaluation by the panel reduced this to 1.42%, indicating a reading error of 1.85%.Conclusion: There is a small prevalence of missed abnormal findings on the NECT scan when using only NECT. Omitting unnecessary CECT will reduce the radiation exposure to the patient and reduce the risk of adverse events from the use of intravenous iodinated contrast. Alternatively, doing only a CECT scan would reduce the risk of missing abnormal findings and would also decrease the patient’s exposure to radiation.

scholarly journals Posterior Urethra Rupture: Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Scan and Urethrocystography Demonstrations

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Wojciech Marks ◽  
S. Dawid ◽  
J. Lasek ◽  
Z. Witkowski ◽  
K. Gołąbek-Dropiewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helical Ct ◽  
Urethral Injury ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Posterior Urethra ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Urethral Injuries

In the follow-up study of patients with pelvic fractures, rupture of the posterior urethra is registered in 3–25% of cases (Koraitim et al., 1996). The diagnostic gold standard for the assessment of hemodynamically stable trauma patients is contrast-enhanced CT scan, especially helical CT. Nevertheless, simultaneous suprapubic cystography and ascending urethrograms (the so-called up-and-downogram) are the investigation of choice in assessing the site, severity, and length of urethral injuries. (Carlin and Resnick, 1995) This paper discusses the evaluation and diagnosis of urethral injury in multiple-trauma patient.

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