Endophytic Fungi Assures Tropical Forage Grass Growth by Water Stress Tolerances

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Passaglia Azevedo ◽  
Natálie Martins Alves ◽  
Ingrid Araújo Costa ◽  
Mariany Isabela Soares Domingues ◽  
Natália de Aguiar Bandória ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Grass Growth

scholarly journals Flow Cytometry-Based Determination of Ploidy from Dried Leaf Specimens in Genomically Complex Collections of the Tropical Forage Grass Urochloa s. l.

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 957
Author(s):  
Paulina Tomaszewska ◽  
Till K. Pellny ◽  
Luis M. Hernández ◽  
Rowan A. C. Mitchell ◽  
Valheria Castiblanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Robust Identification ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Sustainable Improvement ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Relative Differences

Urochloa (including Brachiaria, Megathyrus and some Panicum) tropical grasses are native to Africa and are now, after selection and breeding, planted worldwide, particularly in South America, as important forages with huge potential for further sustainable improvement and conservation of grasslands. We aimed to develop an optimized approach to determine ploidy of germplasm collection of this tropical forage grass group using dried leaf material, including approaches to collect, dry and preserve plant samples for flow cytometry analysis. Our methods enable robust identification of ploidy levels (coefficient of variation of G0/G1 peaks, CV, typically <5%). Ploidy of some 348 forage grass accessions (ploidy range from 2x to 9x), from international genetic resource collections, showing variation in basic chromosome numbers and reproduction modes (apomixis and sexual), were determined using our defined standard protocol. Two major Urochloa agamic complexes are used in the current breeding programs at CIAT and EMBRAPA: the ’brizantha’ and ’humidicola’ agamic complexes are variable, with multiple ploidy levels. Some U. brizantha accessions have odd level of ploidy (5x), and the relative differences in fluorescence values of the peak positions between adjacent cytotypes is reduced, thus more precise examination of this species is required. Ploidy measurement of U. humidicola revealed aneuploidy.

scholarly journals Phosphorus as a mitigator of the effects of water stress on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of tropical C4 grasses

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Akiyoshi Kuwahara ◽  
Gustavo Maia Souza ◽  
Kezia Aparecida Guidorizi ◽  
Ciniro Costa ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Water deficiency during the dry seasons influences the relationship between water and gas exchange in tropical grasses, reducing their productive potential. In addition, the phosphorus (P) deficiency Brazilian soils adds to the set of factors limiting crop production. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of different tropical forage species to phosphorus supplementation as mitigating the damage caused by water stress. Seeds of Urochloa brizantha cv. MG-4, Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk, Panicum maximum cv. Áries, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia and Paspalum atratum cv. Pojuca were germinated in pots containing 10 liters of red-yellow Acrisol type soil. Experiments were conducted by combining levels of phosphorus, 8,0 and 100,0 mg of P dm-3, with two irrigation regimes, 100 and 40% replacement of transpired water. The biometric parameters, photosynthetic capacity, leaf water potential and soil chemical characteristics were evaluated, and the data was submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA, p < 0.05), and subsequently the means were compared using a Tukey test (p < 0.05). The results showed for tropical grasses grown under water stress, there is a clear mitigating effect of phosphorus supplementation, especially on the maintenance of biomass growth. 

Silicon distribution and accumulation in shoot tissue of the tropical forage grass Brachiaria brizantha

2010 ◽  
Vol 336 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana P. de Melo ◽  
Francisco A. Monteiro ◽  
Fabiano Daniel De Bona
Keyword(s):  
Forage Grass ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Tropical Forage

scholarly journals Flow cytometry-based determination of ploidy from dried leaf specimens in genomically complex collections of the tropical forage grass Urochloa s. l.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Tomaszewska ◽  
Till K. Pellny ◽  
Luis Miguel Hernandez ◽  
Rowan A. C. Mitchell ◽  
Valheria Castiblanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Sustainable Improvement ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Relative Differences

We aimed to develop an optimized approach to determine ploidy for dried leaf material in a germplasm collection of a tropical forage grass group, including approaches to collect, dry and preserve plant samples for flow cytometry analysis. Urochloa (including Brachiaria, Megathyrus and some Panicum) tropical grasses are native to Africa and are now, after selection and breeding, planted worldwide, particularly in South America, as important forages with huge potential for further sustainable improvement and conservation of grasslands. The methods enable robust identification of ploidy levels (coefficient of variation, CV, typically <5%). Ploidy of some 353 forage grass accessions (ploidy range from 2 to 9), from international genetic resource collections, showing variation in basic chromosome numbers and reproduction modes (apomixis and sexual), were determined using our defined standard protocol. Two major Urochloa agamic complexes used in the current breeding programs at CIAT and EMBRAPA: the ' brizantha' and 'humidicola' agamic complexes are variable, with multiple ploidy levels and DNA content. U. brizantha has odd level of ploidy (x=5), and the relative differences in nuclear DNA content between adjacent cytotypes is reduced, thus more precise examination of this species is required. Ploidy measurement of U. humidicola revealed some aneuploidy.

Genetic transformation of Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk)?an apomictic tropical forage grass

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 974-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Dalton ◽  
A. J. E. Bettany ◽  
V. Bhat ◽  
M. G. Gupta ◽  
K. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Dichanthium Annulatum

Development of Microsatellite Markers for Brachiaria brizantha and Germplasm Diversity Characterization of this Tropical Forage Grass

2008 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Letícia Jungmann ◽  
Patrícia M. Francisco ◽  
Adna C.B. Sousa ◽  
Jussara Paiva ◽  
Cacilda B. do Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Germplasm Diversity
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