Phylogeny and evolution of mating-type genes from Pyrenophora teres, the causal agent of barley “net blotch” disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 377-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rau ◽  
G. Attene ◽  
A. H. D. Brown ◽  
L. Nanni ◽  
F. J. Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Phylogeny And Evolution ◽  
Barley Net Blotch

scholarly journals Mating Type Locus-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction Markers for Differentiation of Pyrenophora teres f. teres and P. teres f. maculata, the Causal Agents of Barley Net Blotch

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1298-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunwen Lu ◽  
Gregory J. Platz ◽  
Michael C. Edwards ◽  
Timothy L. Friesen
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified at the mating type (MAT) loci of Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt), which causes net form (NF) net blotch, and P. teres f. maculata (Ptm), which causes spot form (SF) net blotch of barley. MAT-specific SNP primers were developed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the two forms were differentiated by distinct PCR products: PttMAT1-1 (1,143 bp) and PttMAT1-2 (1,421 bp) for NF MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 isolates; PtmMAT1-1 (194 bp) and PtmMAT1-2 (939 bp) for SF MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 isolates, respectively. Specificity was validated using 37 NF and 17 SF isolates collected from different geographic regions. Both MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 SNP primers retained respective specificity when used in duplex PCR. No cross-reactions were observed with DNA from P. graminea, P. tritici-repentis, or other ascomycetes, or barley. Single or mixed infections of the two different forms were also differentiated. This study provides the first evidence that the limited SNPs at the MAT locus are sufficient for distinguishing closely related heterothallic ascomycetes at subspecies levels, thus allowing pathogenicity and mating type characteristics of the fungus to be determined simultaneously. Methods presented will facilitate pathogen detection, disease management, and epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals Profile of the in vitro secretome of the barley net blotch fungus, Pyrenophora teres f. teres

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 101451 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jordi Muria-Gonzalez ◽  
Katherine G. Zulak ◽  
Eef Allegaert ◽  
Richard P. Oliver ◽  
Simon R. Ellwood
Keyword(s):  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Barley Net Blotch

Effects of incorporating straw, using different cultivation systems, and of burning it, on diseases of winter barley

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Jenkyn ◽  
R. J. Gutteridge ◽  
A. D. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Winter Barley ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Pseudocercosporella Herpotrichoides ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Barley Net Blotch ◽  
Take All

SUMMARYAn experiment at Rothamsted in 1985–89 and another at Whaddon in 1986 studied the effects of incorporating straw on diseases of winter barley. Net blotch (Pyrenophora teres) and leaf blotch (Rhynchosporium secalis) were initially less severe where straw was burnt or incorporated by ploughing than where cultivations only partially buried it. However, by summer both diseases were usually more severe where straw had been burnt than where it had been incorporated. At Whaddon, eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides) tended to be less severe in tine-cultivated plots where straw was incorporated than where it was burnt, but at Rothamsted, where the straw treatments were confounded with cultivations, there was no consistent effect. The disease was usually more severe where straw was incorporated by ploughing than where it was incorporated using other methods. In contrast, the severity of take-all was generally decreased by ploughing. Seedlings usually grew better where straw had been burnt rather than incorporated and grain yields were often larger. However, yields at Rothamsted in 1987 were unusually, and inexplicably, smaller after burning the straw so that the 5-year mean yields showed no significant differences between treatments.

scholarly journals Identification of Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, Causal Agent of Spot Type Net Blotch of Barley in North Dakota

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. H. Liu ◽  
T. L. Friesen
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Spot Type

Net blotch of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) caused by the fungus Pyrenophora teres (anamorph Drechslera teres) is found in two forms, net form net blotch (NFNB) and spot form net blotch (SFNB). When inoculated on susceptible varieties, P. teres f. teres produces lesions with a characteristic net-like pattern surrounded by necrosis or chlorosis (NFNB), whereas P. teres f. maculata produces lesions consisting of spots surrounded by necrosis or chlorosis (SFNB). Recently, epidemics of SFNB have occurred throughout the world (4). Currently, net blotch is a significant foliar disease of barley in the North Dakota-Northwestern Minnesota agricultural region, a leading barley-production area. Diseased barley leaf tissue was collected annually from 2004 to 2008 in Fargo and Langdon, ND. Diseased leaves were incubated to promote sporulation. Ten single-spore isolates of P. teres collected from each location each year were tested for virulence by inoculation on 20 commonly used barley net blotch differential lines. Among the 100 isolates collected, one isolate collected in Fargo in 2006 (FGOH06Pt-8) and one isolate collected in Langdon in 2008 (LDNH08Pt-4) were identified as P. teres f. maculata due to their induction of spot-type lesions across the differential set. Conidial morphology of the two isolates was similar to P. teres f. teres isolates. A pathogenicity test of all isolates was performed on regional barley cvs. Tradition, Robust, and Lacey as well as barley lines Rika and Kombar (1) as previously described (3). The net form isolate 0-1 and spot form isolate DEN2.6 (obtained from B. Steffenson, University of Minnesota) were used as controls. The P. teres f. teres isolate 0-1 produced typical net type symptoms on all barley lines except the resistant line Rika, in which only small, dark spots were observed. DEN2.6 produced pin-point spot-like lesions with an extensive yellow halo on Robust, Lacey, Rika, and Kombar, but without chlorosis on Tradition. The two newly identified isolates induced elliptical spot-type lesions measuring 3 × 6 mm, larger than those produced by P. teres f. maculata isolate DEN 2.6, suggesting a higher level of virulence. We constructed a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree using ClustalW2 ( http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ ) based on sequence identity of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from 0-1 (GenBank No. GU014819), DEN2.6 (GenBank No. GU014820), FGOH06Pt-8 (GenBank No. GU014821), and LDNH08Pt-4 (GenBank No. GU014822) as well as P. teres f. maculata, P. teres f. teres, and P. tritici-repentis (causal agent of tan spot of wheat) accessions obtained from GenBank (2). All P. teres isolates clustered together and were clearly separated from the P. tritici-repentis cluster. Isolates FGOH06Pt-8 and LDNH08Pt-4 had identical ITS sequences and differed from DEN2.6 by only a single nucleotide. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. teres f. maculata in North Dakota. Resistance to SFNB should now be considered in local barley breeding programs and cultivar releases. Reference: (1) M. Abu Qamar. Theor. Appl. Genet. 117:1261, 2008. (2) R. M. Andrie et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 45:363, 2008. (3) Z. Lai et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 44:323, 2007. (4) M. S. McLean et al. Crop Pasture Sci. 60:303, 2009.

scholarly journals Virulence of Icelandic Pyrenophora teres f. teres populations and resistance of Icelandic spring barley lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fluturë Novakazi ◽  
Magnus Göransson ◽  
Tryggvi Sturla Stefánsson ◽  
Marjo Hokka ◽  
Marja Jalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Principle Coordinate Analysis ◽  
High Level ◽  
Barley Net Blotch

AbstractThe causal agent of the barley net blotch disease, Pyrenophora teres, is known for its high level of diversity due to sexual reproduction. Different pathotypes, defined by a virulence combination, even within the same fields are frequently found and virulence between locations can vary considerably. Evaluation of virulence patterns of a pathogen population is essential for breeding resistant cultivars suitable for specific locations. To identify virulence patterns in Icelandic Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt) isolates, twenty single spore isolates of Ptt were collected from seven locations in Iceland and analysed with AFLP markers. Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) revealed Icelandic Ptt isolates clustering away from reference isolates from Austria, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, and USA. Hierarchical clustering grouped the Icelandic isolates into three distinct groups. Furthermore, the virulence of these twenty isolates was tested on 16 barley differential lines and revealed high variation in their virulence. Twenty-one barley cultivars commonly used in Iceland showed high susceptibility towards inoculation with Icelandic Ptt isolates.

scholarly journals Study of the influence of barley varieties with different resistance to barley net blotch on the change in the structure of the hemibiotrophic pathogen population by morphological and cultural characteristics and virulence

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 00030
Author(s):  
Galina Volkova ◽  
Yana Yakhnik ◽  
Alena Smirnova ◽  
Egor Klychnikov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Level ◽  
Barley Net Blotch

The study is devoted to the analysis of the correlation of morphological and cultural characteristics and virulence of Pyrenophora teres Drechs. isolates, and various resistance to the pathogen of barley varieties (Versal, Kubagro-1, Romance). The main morphological types of colonies of the fungus isolates obtained from the barley varieties with different resistance were determined. It was found that the higher degree of resistance of the variety, the faster growth rate of colonies, the intensity of sporulation and heterogeneity of the population on the basis of virulence increase. The most common races were detected in the populations of P. teres isolated from different varieties of barley. We found that the selection for the virulence of the pathogen population in Versal variety with a high level of non-specific resistance was carried out with a wider spectrum of diversity.

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