Signals of resilience to ocean change: high thermal tolerance of early stage Antarctic sea urchins (Sterechinus neumayeri) reared under present-day and future pCO2 and temperature

Polar Biology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 967-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Kapsenberg ◽  
Gretchen E. Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sterechinus Neumayeri

scholarly journals Phylogeny and expression of axonemal and cytoplasmic dynein genes in sea urchins.

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
B H Gibbons ◽  
D J Asai ◽  
W J Tang ◽  
T S Hays ◽  
I R Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽  
Phosphate Binding ◽  
Atp Binding Site ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Amino Acid Region

Transcripts approximately 14.5 kilobases in length from 14 different genes that encode for dynein heavy chains have been identified in poly(A)+ RNA from sea urchin embryos. Analysis of the changes in level of these dynein transcripts in response to deciliation, together with their sequence relatedness, suggests that 11 or more of these genes encode dynein isoforms that participate in regeneration of external cilia on the embryo, whereas the single gene whose deduced sequence closely resembles that of cytoplasmic dynein in other organisms appears not to be involved in this regeneration. The four consensus motifs for phosphate binding found previously in the beta heavy chain of sea urchin dynein are present in all five additional isoforms for which extended sequences have been obtained, suggesting that these sites play a significant role in dynein function. Sequence analysis of a approximately 400 amino acid region encompassing the putative hydrolytic ATP-binding site shows that the dynein genes fall into at least six distinct classes. Most of these classes in sea urchin have a high degree of sequence identity with one of the dynein heavy chain genes identified in Drosophila, indicating that the radiation of the dynein gene family into the present classes occurred at an early stage in the evolution of eukaryotes. Evolutionary changes in cytoplasmic dynein have been more constrained than those in the axonemal dyneins.

scholarly journals Examining the Role of DNA Methylation in Transcriptomic Plasticity of Early Stage Sea Urchins: Developmental and Maternal Effects in a Kelp Forest Herbivore

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie E. Strader ◽  
Logan C. Kozal ◽  
Terence S. Leach ◽  
Juliet M. Wong ◽  
Jannine D. Chamorro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Kelp Forest

Biomonitoring Assessment of Toxic and Trace Elements in Sterechinus neumayeri Sea Urchins from the Comandante Ferraz Station in Antarctica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Barlera Alves ◽  
Andrews Krupinski Emerenciano ◽  
Isabella Cristina Antunes da Costa Bordon ◽  
José Roberto Machado Cunha Silva ◽  
Deborah Inês Teixeira Fávaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Sterechinus Neumayeri

scholarly journals Memoirs: The Occurrence of Situs inversus among artificially-reared Echinoid Larvae

1922 ◽  
Vol s2-66 (261) ◽  
pp. 105-148
Author(s):  
HIROSHI OHSHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Situs Inversus ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
External Factor ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Normal Larva ◽  
The Right ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Sufficient Food

1. Under artificial conditions more than 10 per cent. of tho larvae of Echinus miliaris exhibited the situs inversus. 2. So far as I could examine, the internal as well as external structures of such abnormal larvae were mirror-images of those of the normal larva. 3. The young sea-urchins metamorphosed from such inverse larvae showed no abnormal features externally. 4. The manner in which such abnormal larvae departed from the normal development seems to be analogous to that in the case of ‘compensatory hypertypy’ in the claws of Alpheus. 5. In an early stage of the normally-developing happens sometimes that the left dorsal pore becomes obliterated. This seems to be associated with the shifting of the pore towards the mid-dorsal line. The hydrocoele, thus deprived of its communication with the exterior, ceases to develop and then degeneration of the whole water-vascular system sets in. 6. The right anterior coelom, on the other hand, is now evoked to realize its latent potentiality of producing a hydrocoele (homoeosis). The degenerating left hydrocoele gives place to a newly-appearing right hydrocoele. 7. The right hydrocoele stimulates its adjoining tissues to give rise together to an echinus-rudiment. 8. The external factor or factors which cause the obliteration of the dorsal pore could not be found. This probably is connected with the presence of too much diatom-food and other micro-organisms in the culture jar. 9. If a new dorsal pore is formed on the left side before the degeneration of the left hydrocoele sets in, the developing power of the latter will thereby be revived. If sufficiently fed a double-hydrocoele larva will result under such a condition. 10. If, while the left hydrocoele is arrested in its development and then degenerates, the right anterior coelom fails to develop a new hydrocoele presumably from want of sufficient food, a larva devoid of hydrocoele will result.

New Method for Estimation of the Magnesium Fraction in Magnesian Calcite

2004 ◽  
Vol 443-444 ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gržeta ◽  
D. Medaković ◽  
S. Popović
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
New Method ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Sterechinus Neumayeri ◽  
Xrd Study ◽  
Profile Fitting ◽  
Magnesian Calcite

A new method for estimation of the magnesium fraction in magnesian calcite is described. It involves measuring the XRD pattern of magnesian calcite in a narrow 20 range and individual profile fitting of diffraction lines 113 and 202. The intensity ratio I113/I202 is linearly correlated with the Mg fraction. The method resulted from an XRD study of adult sea urchins Sterechinus neumayeri.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Carbon, Silicon, and Metal-Based Nanoparticles to Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1825
Author(s):  
Konstantin Pikula ◽  
Alexander Zakharenko ◽  
Vladimir Chaika ◽  
Iurii Em ◽  
Anna Nikitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Intermedius ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Silicon Nanotubes ◽  
Gold Nps ◽  
Toxicity Level ◽  
Living Organisms

With the increasing annual production of nanoparticles (NPs), the risks of their harmful influence on the environment and human health are rising. However, our knowledge about the mechanisms of interaction between NPs and living organisms is limited. Prior studies have shown that echinoderms, and especially sea urchins, represent one of the most suitable models for risk assessment in environmental nanotoxicology. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius has not been used for testing the toxicity of NPs. The present study was designed to determine the effect of 10 types of common NPs on spermatozoa activity, egg fertilization, and early stage of embryo development of the sea urchin S. intermedius. In this research, we used two types of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT-1 and CNT-2), two types of carbon nanofibers (CNF-1 and CNF-2), two types of silicon nanotubes (SNT-1 and SNT-2), nanocrystals of cadmium and zinc sulfides (CdS and ZnS), gold NPs (Au), and titanium dioxide NPs (TiO2). The results of the embryotoxicity test showed the following trend in the toxicity level of used NPs: Au > SNT-2 > SNT-1 > CdS > ZnS > CNF-2 > CNF-1 > TiO2 > CNT-1 > CNT-2. This research confirmed that the sea urchin S. intermedius can be considered as a sensitive and stable test model in marine nanotoxicology.

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