Hybridization of reef fishes at the Indo-Pacific biogeographic barrier: a case study

Coral Reefs ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Marie ◽  
L. van Herwerden ◽  
J. H. Choat ◽  
J-P. A. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Biogeographic Barrier

scholarly journals Comparing biodiversity databases: Greater Caribbean reef fishes as a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1195-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliana Chollett ◽  
D. Ross Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Caribbean Reef ◽  
Biodiversity Databases

scholarly journals Crossing the impassable: genetic connections in 20 reef fishes across the eastern Pacific barrier

2006 ◽  
Vol 273 (1598) ◽  
pp. 2201-2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A Lessios ◽  
D.R Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Cryptic Speciation ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Species Migration ◽  
Initial Separation ◽  
Haplotype Networks ◽  
Biogeographic Barrier

The ‘impassable’ Eastern Pacific Barrier (EPB), ca 5000 km of deep water separating the eastern from the central Pacific, is the World's widest marine biogeographic barrier. Sequencing of mitochondrial DNA in 20 reef fish morphospecies encountered on both sides of the barrier revealed cryptic speciation in two. Among the other 18 species only two showed significant differentiation (as revealed by haplotype networks and F ST statistics) between the eastern and the central Pacific. Coalescence analyses indicated that genetic similarity in the 18 truly transpacific species resulted from different combinations of ages of most recent invasion and of levels of recurrent gene flow, with estimated times of initial separation ranging from approximately 30 000 to 1 Myr (ago). There is no suggestion of simultaneous interruptions of gene flow among the species. Migration across the EPB was previously thought to be exclusively eastward, but our evidence showed two invasions from east to west and eight cases in which subsequent gene flow possibly proceeded in the same direction. Thus, the EPB is sporadically permeable to propagules originating on either side.

Do eel parasites reflect the local crustacean community? A case study from the Rhine river system

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frankie Thielen ◽  
Marcel Münderle ◽  
Horst Taraschewski ◽  
Bernd Sures
Keyword(s):  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
River System ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Rhine River ◽  
Anguillicola Crassus ◽  
Biogeographic Barrier ◽  
Acanthocephalus Lucii ◽  
Raphidascaris Acus

AbstractIn 2003, the parasite fauna of 197 European eelsAnguilla anguilla, captured at three different locations (Laufenburg, Karlsruhe and Beneeden Leeuwen) in the River Rhine, was analysed. The eels harboured a total of 18 species, among them the protozoa (Myxidium giardi, Myxobolus kotlaniandTrypanosoma granulosum), acanthocephalans (Acanthocephalus anguillae, Acanthocephalus lucii, Echinorhynchus truttae, Pomphorhynchus laevis), nematodes (Paraquimperia tenerrima, Pseudocapillaria tomentosa, Camallanus lacustris, Raphidascaris acus, Spinitectus inermisandAnguillicola crassus), cestodes (Bothriocephalus clavicepsandProteocephalus macrocephalus) and monogeneans (Pseudodactylogyrussp.). The parasite fauna at the different locations is discussed with respect to the crustacean fauna present at these locations. The investigation shows that changes in the composition of the crustacean fauna, due to the anthropogenic breakdown of a biogeographic barrier, are reflected in the composition of the intestinal eel parasite fauna.

scholarly journals Defining Boundaries for Ecosystem-Based Management: A Multispecies Case Study of Marine Connectivity across the Hawaiian Archipelago

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Toonen ◽  
Kimberly R. Andrews ◽  
Iliana B. Baums ◽  
Christopher E. Bird ◽  
Gregory T. Concepcion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Hawaiian Archipelago ◽  
Ecosystem Based Management ◽  
Marine Connectivity ◽  
Minimum Number

Determining the geographic scale at which to apply ecosystem-based management (EBM) has proven to be an obstacle for many marine conservation programs. Generalizations based on geographic proximity, taxonomy, or life history characteristics provide little predictive power in determining overall patterns of connectivity, and therefore offer little in terms of delineating boundaries for marine spatial management areas. Here, we provide a case study of 27 taxonomically and ecologically diverse species (including reef fishes, marine mammals, gastropods, echinoderms, cnidarians, crustaceans, and an elasmobranch) that reveal four concordant barriers to dispersal within the Hawaiian Archipelago which are not detected in single-species exemplar studies. We contend that this multispecies approach to determine concordant patterns of connectivity is an objective and logical way in which to define the minimum number of management units and that EBM in the Hawaiian Archipelago requires at least five spatially managed regions.

scholarly journals Biological attributes and major threats as predictors of the vulnerability of species: a case study with Brazilian reef fishes

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Bender ◽  
S.R. Floeter ◽  
F.P. Mayer ◽  
D.A. Vila-Nova ◽  
G.O. Longo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Red Lists ◽  
Threat Status ◽  
Bony Fishes ◽  
Reef Fish Species ◽  
Biological Attributes

AbstractGlobal biodiversity declines and increasing rates of extinction necessitate the assessment and prediction of the vulnerability of species to extinction. Here, we examine the relationships between conservation status and ecological traits of reef fish species of the Brazilian biogeographical province. We used binomial tests and a logistic regression to address two questions. Do biological attributes differ between threatened and non-threatened fishes? Which combination of traits and impacts exerts greater influence on species threat status? Of the 559 species, 36 are categorized as threatened (compiled from global, national and local Red Lists). Three species are categorized as Critically Endangered, seven as Endangered and 26 as Vulnerable. Our analyses revealed that Elasmobranchii, sex-changing bony fishes and endemic species are the most vulnerable reef fishes in Brazilian waters. Body size and trophic category were identified as good predictors of the vulnerability of a species to extinction. Small-bodied species that are exploited by the ornamental trade and have complex reproductive strategies are also of concern. Such combinations of attributes could be of value in predicting which reef fish species elsewhere have a high risk of extinction.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

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