Opto-thermal radiometry and condenser-chamber method for stratum corneum water concentration measurements

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Xiao ◽  
H. Packham ◽  
X. Zheng ◽  
H. Singh ◽  
C. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Chamber Method ◽  
Concentration Measurements

scholarly journals Estimation of In Vivo Water Content of the Stratum Corneum from Electrical Measurements

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorm Krogh Johnsen ◽  
Ø.G Martinsen ◽  
S Grimnes
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Concentration Profile ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Equilibrium Water Content

In vivo water content in the epidermal stratum corneum can be estimated by means of low frequency susceptance measurements. In the in vitro calibration necessary to find the in vivo water content, the stratum corneum will have a uniform distribution of water across its thickness. However, in vivo stratum corneum has an increasing water concentration profile from the outermost towards the innermost parts. This paper will investigate the possibility of estimating the equilibrium water content in the in vivo stratum corneum non-invasively from electrical susceptance measurements. Given a known shape of the water concentration profile in the in vivo stratum corneum and the dependence of susceptance on the water content, it is possible to calculate the water content in vivo based on analytically derived expressions for the water concentration profile. A correspondence between in vivo and in vitro water content needed for this purpose is also established.

Temperature and water concentration measurements in combustion gases using a DFB diode laser at 1.4 μm

Laser Physics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1133-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Cai ◽  
G. Wang ◽  
H. Jia ◽  
W. Chen ◽  
X. Gao
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Concentration Measurements

scholarly journals Fluorescence imaging methodology for oil‐in‐water concentration measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Köpplin ◽  
Lena Bednarz ◽  
Thomas Hagemeier ◽  
Dominique Thévenin
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Imaging Methodology ◽  
Concentration Measurements

Changes in corneocyte element concentrations occur in skin inner stratum corneum

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. R. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Element Concentration ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Intercellular Lipid

Keratinocytes undergo maturation during their transit through the viable layers of skin, and then abruptly transform into flattened, anuclear corneocytes that constitute the cellular component of the skin barrier, the stratum corneum (SC). The SC is generally considered to be homogeneous in its structure and barrier properties, and is often shown schematically as a featureless brick wall, the “bricks” being the corneocytes, the “mortar” being intercellular lipid. Previously we showed the outer SC was not homogeneous in its composition, but contained steep gradients of the physiological inorganic elements Na, K and Cl, likely originating from sweat salts. Here we show the innermost corneocytes in human skin are also heterogeneous in composition, undergoing systematic changes in intracellular element concentration during transit into the interior of the SC.Human skin biopsies were taken from the lower leg of individuals with both “good” and “dry” skin and plunge-frozen in a stirred, cooled isopentane/propane mixture.

Paracrystalline Aggregates of Psoriatic Keratin and Their Relation to Normal Keratin Structure

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
S. Trachtenberg ◽  
P.M. Steinert ◽  
B.L. Trus ◽  
A.C. Steven
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Intermediate Filament ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Proteolytic Degradation ◽  
Horny Layer ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Chronic Skin Disease

During terminal differentiation of vertebrate epidermis, certain specific keratin intermediate filament (KIF) proteins are produced. Keratinization of the epidermis involves cell death and disruption of the cytoplasm, leaving a network of KIF embedded in an amorphous matrix which forms the outer horny layer known as the stratum corneum. Eventually these cells are shed (desquamation). Normally, the processes of differentiation, keratinization, and desquamation are regulated in an orderly manner. In psoriasis, a chronic skin disease, a hyperkeratotic stratum corneum is produced, resulting in abnormal desquamation of unusually large scales. In this disease, the normal KIF proteins are diminished in amount or absent, and other proteins more typical of proliferative epidermal cells are present. There is also evidence of proteolytic degradation of the KIF.

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