Unmetabolized folic acid is associated with TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 concentrations in a population exposed to mandatory food fortification with folic acid: a cross-sectional population-based study in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Abstract Objective: Understanding trends in grain consumption is essential to tackle the low consumption of healthful grain foods. This study aimed to evaluate trends and determinants of grain foods meeting the ≤10:1 carbohydrate:fibre ratio (≤10:1 ratio) in Brazil and to estimate this intake for the next years. Design: Three editions of the cross-sectional, population-based study Health Survey of São Paulo (2003, 2008 and 2015). Setting: Urban area of São Paulo, Brazil. Participants: The sample included 5801 participants aged 12 years or more. Results: A growing trend in the intake of these foods (0·9 percentage of energy (%E) in 2003 to 1·5 %E in 2015) was observed. Also, the proportion of the population consuming at least one grain food meeting the ≤10:1 ratio increased from 8·7 % in 2003 to 15·8 % in 2015, and 20·3 % of the population would be consuming some kind of healthful grain food by 2030. Sociodemographic factors associated with the consumption of grain foods meeting the ≤10:1 ratio changed according to study edition, but overall, older individuals (+79 %), females (+28 %), those with higher education (+138 %) and higher family income (+135 %) were more likely to consume grain foods meeting the ratio, whereas participants who self-reported black, brown or indigenous ethnicity were less likely to consume these foods (–30 %). Conclusions: There was a growing trend to consume grain foods meeting the ≤10:1 ratio from 2003 to 2015, but this consumption continues to be far from recommended levels. Intersectoral changes are urgently needed in order to increase the intake of healthful grain foods.

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P1-340 Folate status and folic acid intake 6 years following mandatory fortification of flour in Brazil: a population-based study in SAo paulo

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech.2011.142976f.32 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 65 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. A161-A161

Author(s):

J. Steluti ◽

V. T. Baltar ◽

R. S. Bigio ◽

R. M. Fisberg ◽

D. M. L. Marchioni

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Population Based ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Folic Acid Intake ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Folate Status ◽

Acid Intake

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Social determinants, lifestyle and diet quality: a population-based study from the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo, Brazil

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019003483 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 1766-1777

Author(s):

Aline Veroneze de Mello ◽

Jaqueline Lopes Pereira ◽

Ana Carolina Barco Leme ◽

Moises Goldbaum ◽

Chester Luiz Galvao Cesar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

Health Survey ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Population Based ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

São Paulo ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study

AbstractObjective:To investigate the association among social determinants, lifestyle variables and diet quality in São Paulo, Brazil.Design:Cross-sectional study, 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo (Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo (2015 ISA-Capital)) with Focus on Nutrition Study (2015 ISA-Nutrition).Setting:Population-based study, with a representative sample of adults living in São Paulo, Brazil.Participants:Adults (aged 20–59 years, n 643) and older adults (aged ≥60 years, n 545).Results:We observed differences in the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised (BHEI-R) by education, income, occupation, sex and race. Whole grains (0·63 points, 12·6 % of the maximum score), sodium (2·50 points, 25·0 %) and solid fat, alcohol and added sugars (9·28 points, 46·4 %) components had the lowest BHEI-R scores. Factors positively associated with diet quality included the presence of one disease or more (e.g. diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, hypercholesterolaemia: β = 0·636, P < 0·001), income (middle income: β = 0·478, P < 0·001; high income: β = 0·966, P < 0·001) and occupation (other: β = 1·418, P < 0·001). Energy (β = –0·001, P < 0·001), alcohol consumption (β = –0·207, P = 0·027), education level (middle education: β = –0·975, P < 0·001; high education: β = –1·376, P < 0·001), races other than white (β = –0·366, P < 0·001) and being unemployed (β = –0·369, P < 0·046) were negatively associated with diet quality.Conclusions:Groups affected by socio-economic inequalities need better diet quality. Governmental actions should be implemented to reduce the consumption of energy-dense and sodium-rich foods, facilitate access and information on healthy eating, and conduct nutritional education.

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