scholarly journals Adjusting residual stresses by flexible stress superposition in incremental sheet metal forming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Maaß ◽  
Marlon Hahn ◽  
A. Erman Tekkaya
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Incremental Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Stress Superposition ◽  
Flexible Die ◽  
Compressive Residual Stresses

AbstractProcess-induced residual stresses significantly influence the mechanical properties of a formed component. A polymer pad is used as a flexible die in two-point incremental forming to induce compressive residual stresses in the component during the forming process. Experimental and numerical results illustrate the influence of compressive stress superposition on the component properties. It is shown that the active support, using a geometry-independent polyurethane die, causes beneficial compressive residual stresses on the tool side compared to the tensile residual stresses induced by the single-point incremental forming process without such a supporting die.

Compensations for Tool Path to Enhance Accuracy During Double Sided Incremental Forming

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Lingam ◽  
Anirban Bhattacharya ◽  
Javed Asghar ◽  
N. Venkata Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geometric Accuracy ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Incremental Sheet Metal Forming

Incremental Sheet Metal Forming (ISMF) is a flexible sheet metal forming process that enables forming of complex three dimensional components by successive local deformations without using component specific tooling. ISMF is also regarded as die-less manufacturing process and in the absence of part-specific dies, geometric accuracy of formed components is inferior to that of their conventional counterparts. In Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF), the simplest variant of ISMF, bending near component opening region is unavoidable due to lack of support. The bending in the component opening region can be reduced to a larger extent by another variant of ISMF namely Double Sided Incremental Forming (DSIF) in which a moving tool is used to support the sheet locally at the deformation zone. However the overall geometry of formed components still has unacceptable deviation from the desired geometry. Experimental observation and literature indicates that the supporting tool loses contact with the sheet after forming certain depth. Present work demonstrates a methodology to enhance geometric accuracy of formed components by compensating for tool and sheet deflection due to forming forces. Forming forces necessary to predict compensations are obtained using force equilibrium method along with thickness calculation methodology developed using overlap that occurs during forming (instead of using sine law). Results indicate that there is significant improvement in accuracy of the components produced using compensated tool paths.

scholarly journals Formability of Aluminum Alloys During Single Point Incremental Forming – A Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Single Point Incremental Forming ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Batch Production ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Incremental Sheet Metal Forming

Single point incremental sheet metal forming has passed through a period of ample improvement with developing responsiveness from research societies and industries globally. The process has expressively spared the practice of using costly dies, which makes it an appropriate process for manufacturing prototypes and small batch production. It also discovers easiness in fabricating components of timeworn equipment. Additionally, in recent years, aluminum alloys become the most commonly used materials in the automotive, aeronautics, and transportation industries for their structural and other applications. The effect of various process parameters on the formability of Single Point Incremental Forming of aluminum alloys has been critically surveyed. Ultimately, this article also debated the dares associated with the Single Point Incremental Forming process and recommended some correlated research regions which probably charm significant research considerations in the future.

Comparison of incremental sheet metal forming process using newly designed multipoint tool with the existing single point tool by optimization and characterization methods on austenite stainless steel 202

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542098609
Author(s):  
Ramkumar Kathalingam ◽  
Baskar Neelakandan ◽  
Elangovan Krishnan ◽  
Sathiya Narayanan Chinnayan ◽  
Selvarajan Arangulavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Wall Angle ◽  
Incremental Sheet Metal Forming

Incremental Sheet metal Forming (ISF) is a reliable process of converting a blank to work piece with better outputs compared to conventional forming process. The flexibility of ISF in producing the rapid prototype based on the customer needs is increased which is also desirable in the industry. But Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) process takes more time to form a product and hence the longer time is a barrier in implementing this process in industries. In this research work, the ISF process was made on sheet metal SS 202 using a newly designed multi-point tool and the obtained outputs were compared with the same material of sheet metal formed by traditionally available single point tool. This Multi Point Incremental Forming (MPIF) process takes lesser process time to give better formability, improved wall angle and good surface roughness. The input process parameters selected for the process are type of tool, speed, feed, Vertical Step Depth (VSD), and lubrication. They are arranged by using the taguchi Design of Experiments (DOE) approach. The responses considered are wall angle, formability, surface roughness, spring back and forming time. The multiple outputs obtained were optimized by Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to predict the superior parameter. Confirmation test was also made to validate the output result. Fractography analysis was carried out to predict the fracture mechanism obtained during the forming process. The surface topography was also made on the surface of the formed area of the sheet metal. This research work concludes that newly designed MPIF outperforms SPIF.

Experimental Study on Residual Formability of Single Point Incrementally Formed Part

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetan P. Nikhare
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Forming Limit ◽  
Single Point Incremental Forming ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Conventional Process

Abstract A substantial increase in demand on the sheet metal part usage in aerospace and automotive industries is due to the increase in the sale of these products to ease the transportation. However, due to the increase in fuel prices and further environmental regulation had left no choice but to manufacture more fuel efficient and inexpensive vehicles. These heavy demands force researchers to think outside the box. Many innovative research projects came to replace the conventional sheet metal forming of which single point incremental forming is one of them. SPIF is the emerging die-less sheet metal forming process in which the single point tool incrementally forces any single point of sheet metal at any processing time to undergo plastic deformation. It has several advantages over the conventional process like high process flexibility, elimination of die, complex shape and better formability. Previous literature provides enormous research on formability of metal during this process, process with various metals and hybrid metals, the influence of various process parameter, but residual formability after this process is untouched. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate the residual formability of the formed parts using single point incremental forming and then restrike with a conventional tool. The common process parameters of single point incremental forming were varied, and residual formability was studied through the conventional process. The strain and thickness distribution were measured and analyzed. In addition, the forming limit of the part was plotted and compared.

On the Effect of Curvature Radius on the Spif-Ability

2010 ◽  
Vol 129-131 ◽  
pp. 1222-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Hussain ◽  
Gao Lin ◽  
Nasir Hayat ◽  
Asif Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Single Point Incremental Forming ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Wall Angle ◽  
Metal Forming Process

Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is a novel sheet metal forming process. The formability (i.e. spif-ability) in this process is determined through Varying Wall Angle Conical Frustum (VWACF) test. In this paper, the effect of variation in the curvature radius, a geometrical parameter of test, on the test results is investigated. A series of VWACF tests with a variety of curvature radii is performed to quantify the said effect. It is found that the spif-ability increases with increasing of curvature radius. However, any variation in the curvature radius does not affect the spif-ability when the normalized curvature radius (i.e. curvature radius/tool radius) becomes higher than 9.

New Method for Blank Expansion of Rectangular Box

2011 ◽  
Vol 308-310 ◽  
pp. 1004-1007
Author(s):  
Liu Ru Zhou ◽  
Hai Ming Wan
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Apex Angle ◽  
Forming Limit ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Incremental Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Planning Experiment

The principle of NC incremental sheet metal forming as well as the process planning, experiment of the square conical box forming are presented. Because the deformation of sheet metal only occurs around the tool head and the deformed region is subjected to stretch deformation and thins, and surface area increases. Sheet metal forming stepwise is to lead to the whole sheet metal deformation. The sine law indicates that the thickness of the square conical box wall is close to zero when the half-apex angle of the square conical box wall is close to zero. Therefore, we must know the forming limit half-apex angle to ensure that the forming can be carried out successfully, i.e., to ensure that the deformed region with a certain thickness will not fracture. It will succeed in square conical box incremental forming in a single tool-path if the forming is carried out with an angle which is larger than the forming limit half-apex angle. The fracture in the forming component can be avoided by these methods. A square conical box of uniform wall-thickness can be formed by NC incremental forming process. The thickness of deformation area is increased by increasing half-apex angle. The wrinkle in the forming component can be avoided by these methods.

CAM-Solution for Two Robots Based Incremental Sheet Metal Forming

2011 ◽  
Vol 473 ◽  
pp. 889-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kreimeier ◽  
J. Zhu ◽  
V. Smukala ◽  
B. Buff ◽  
C. Magnus
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Incremental Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Supporting Tool ◽  
Tool Building

Robot based incremental sheet metal forming (Roboforming)is a new dieless forming process, which is suitable for cost-effective manufacture of prototype parts and small batch sizes.The principle of Roboforming is based on flexible shaping through a freely programmable path-synchronous movement of two industrial robots. These two robots, which are connected to a cooperating robot system, hold respectively a forming and a supporting tool. Similar to other incremental forming methods, the final shape is produced bythe movement of the forming toolalongthe lateral direction and its gradual infeed in the depth direction. In Roboforming, there are twodifferent strategies for the synchronous movement of the supporting tool, eitheralong the outer contour onbacksideof the sheet or directly opposed to the forming tool building a forming gap.The second strategy can be combined with a force controlled method to increase the surface quality and geometricaccuracy. MThe most existing CAM systems used in numerous incremental forming approaches are only applicable for milling machines. In this paper, with the use of self-programmed postprocessors and an Application Programming Interface (API) in a CAM system, movement programs for two cooperating robots can be generated for both forming strategies to produce sheet metal parts with different sizes and complex freeform structures. This CAM-solution for Roboforming is validated bythe forming experiments.

Surface Roughness in Incremental Sheet Metal Forming of AA5052

2013 ◽  
Vol 753-755 ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
On Uma Lasunon
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Wall Angle ◽  
Incremental Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Depth Increment

This paper presents the effect of forming parameters on the arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra) of aluminum alloy built by a single-point incremental sheet metal forming process. Three investigated parameters are feed rate (12.5, 25 and 50 in/min), depth increment (0.015 and 0.030 in), and wall angle (45° and 60°). The results show that wall angle, depth increment and its interaction play an important role on the surface roughness, while feed rate has little effect. The optimal forming conditions for minimum surface roughness are feed rate of 25 in/min, depth increment of 0.015 in and wall angle of 45°.

Study of Sphere NC Sheet Metal Incremental Forming

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 1036-1039
Author(s):  
Liu Ru Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Sheet Metal Incremental Forming ◽  
Incremental Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Metal Forming Process ◽  
Planning Experiment

The principle of NC incremental sheet metal forming as well as the process planning, experiment of sphere forming are presented. Because the deformation of sheet metal only occurs around the tool head and the deformed region is subjected to shear deformation and thins, and surface area increases. Sheet metal forming stepwise is to lead to the whole sheet metal deformation. According to sine law, a sphere can’t be formed by NC incremental sheet metal forming process in a single process, rather, it must be formed in multi processes. Thus, the two time path process method is presented to form the sphere, and the experiment is made to verify it. A sphere can be formed from a sheet metal in NC incremental forming process by choosing appropriate tool-path planning. The fracture in the forming component can be avoided by these methods. A sphere of uniform wall-thickness can be formed from the truncated cone by NC incremental forming process.

Formability Analyses on Single Point Incremental Sheet Forming Process on Aluminum 1050

2019 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 703-708
Author(s):  
Dawit Desalegn ◽  
P. Janaki Ramulu ◽  
Dagmawi Hailu ◽  
S. Senthil Kumaran ◽  
P. Velmurugan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Sheet Thickness ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Aluminum 1050 ◽  
Tool Diameter ◽  
Truncated Pyramid

In recent years, there is a lot of demand on metal forming processes in which sheet metal forming process has lots of applications in the automotive and aerospace industries. In sheet metal forming operations, incremental forming is an emerging technology in which, single point incremental forming (SPIF) process is die-less in incremental forming process and providing a competitive alternative to economical and effective in fabricating low volume products. The objective of this work is to analyze the forming analysis on truncated pyramid product by avoiding cracking and maintaining the optimum forming conditions. The formability is analyzed by using ABAQUS software and simulation, different process parameters were varied such as sheet thickness, tool diameter, step depth, spindle rotational speed on aluminum AA1050 alloy. From the simulation results, stress stain and stain distribution were evaluated on the deformed sheet. The product produced is truncated pyramid dimension having square base of side and fillet at corner.

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