Visual space distortion

Variable success in audiometric assessment of young children with operant conditioning indicates the need for systematic examination of commonly employed techniques. The current study investigated response and reinforcement features of two operant discrimination paradigms with normal I7-month-old children. Findings indicated more responses prior to the onset of habituation when the response task was based on complex central processing skills (localization and coordination of auditory/visual space) versus simple detection. Use of animation in toy reinforcers resulted in more than a twofold increase in the number of subject responses. Results showed no significant difference in response conditioning rate or consistency for the response tasks and forms of reinforcement examined.

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Editorial: Human motion perception, eye movements, and orientation in visual space

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024//1421-0185.59.2.85 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 85-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rudolf Groner ◽

Marina T. Groner ◽

Kazuo Koga

Keyword(s):

Eye Movements ◽

Motion Perception ◽

Visual Space ◽

Human Motion

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Focusing of Visuospatial Attention

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027//0269-8803.15.4.256 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 256-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Caterina Pesce ◽

Rainer Bösel

Keyword(s):

Reaction Times ◽

Visual Space ◽

Spatial Relation ◽

Stimulus Onset ◽

Visuospatial Attention ◽

Task Demands ◽

Time Interval ◽

Behavioral Studies ◽

Task Conditions ◽

Simple Rt

Abstract In the present study we explored the focusing of visuospatial attention in subjects practicing and not practicing activities with high attentional demands. Similar to the studies of Castiello and Umiltà (e. g., 1990) , our experimental procedure was a variation of Posner's (1980) basic paradigm for exploring covert orienting of visuospatial attention. In a simple RT-task, a peripheral cue of varying size was presented unilaterally or bilaterally from a central fixation point and followed by a target at different stimulus-onset-asynchronies (SOAs). The target could occur validly inside the cue or invalidly outside the cue with varying spatial relation to its boundary. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) were recorded to target stimuli under the different task conditions. RT and ERP findings showed converging aspects as well as dissociations. Electrophysiological results revealed an amplitude modulation of the ERPs in the early and late Nd time interval at both anterior and posterior scalp sites, which seems to be related to the effects of peripheral informative cues as well as to the attentional expertise. Results were: (1) shorter latency effects confirm the positive-going amplitude enhancement elicited by unilateral peripheral cues and strengthen the criticism against the neutrality of spatially nonpredictive peripheral cueing of all possible target locations which is often presumed in behavioral studies. (2) Longer latency effects show that subjects with attentional expertise modulate the distribution of the attentional resources in the visual space differently than nonexperienced subjects. Skilled practice may lead to minimizing attentional costs by automatizing the use of a span of attention that is adapted to the most frequent task demands and endogenously increases the allocation of resources to cope with less usual attending conditions.

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Spatial suppression due to statistical regularities is driven by distractor suppression not by target activation

10.31234/osf.io/zbcjv ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Michel Failing ◽

Benchi Wang ◽

Jan Theeuwes

Keyword(s):

High Probability ◽

Target Location ◽

Target Selection ◽

Visual Space ◽

Alternative Interpretation ◽

Distractor Location ◽

Target Presentation ◽

Statistical Regularities ◽

Low Probability ◽

Presentation Experiment

Where and what we attend to is not only determined by what we are currently looking for but also by what we have encountered in the past. Recent studies suggest that biasing the probability by which distractors appear at locations in visual space may lead to attentional suppression of high probability distractor locations which effectively reduces capture by a distractor but also impairs target selection at this location. However, in many of these studies introducing a high probability distractor location was tantamount to increasing the probability of the target appearing in any of the other locations (i.e. the low probability distractor locations). Here, we investigate an alternative interpretation of previous findings according to which attentional selection at high probability distractor locations is not suppressed. Instead, selection at low probability distractor locations is facilitated. In two visual search tasks, we found no evidence for this hypothesis: neither when there was only a bias in target presentation but no bias in distractor presentation (Experiment 1), nor when there was only a bias in distractor presentation but no bias in target presentation (Experiment 2). We conclude that recurrent presentation of a distractor in a specific location leads to attentional suppression of that location through a mechanism that is unaffected by any regularities regarding the target location.

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Testing the effect of H0 on fσ8 tension using a Gaussian Process method

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/staa3894 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

En-Kun Li ◽

Minghui Du ◽

Zhi-Huan Zhou ◽

Hongchao Zhang ◽

Lixin Xu

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Dark Energy ◽

Cosmological Constant ◽

Gaussian Process ◽

Dark Energy Model ◽

Hubble Space Telescope ◽

Λcdm Model ◽

Space Distortion ◽

Best Fit ◽

Process Method

Abstract Using the fσ8(z) redshift space distortion (RSD) data, the $\sigma _8^0-\Omega _m^0$ tension is studied utilizing a parameterization of growth rate f(z) = Ωm(z)γ. Here, f(z) is derived from the expansion history H(z) which is reconstructed from the observational Hubble data applying the Gaussian Process method. It is found that different priors of H0 have great influences on the evolution curve of H(z) and the constraint of $\sigma _8^0-\Omega _m^0$. When using a larger H0 prior, the low redshifts H(z) deviate significantly from that of the ΛCDM model, which indicates that a dark energy model different from the cosmological constant can help to relax the H0 tension problem. The tension between our best-fit values of $\sigma _8^0-\Omega _m^0$ and that of the Planck 2018 ΛCDM (PLA) will disappear (less than 1σ) when taking a prior for H0 obtained from PLA. Moreover, the tension exceeds 2σ level when applying the prior H0 = 73.52 ± 1.62 km/s/Mpc resulted from the Hubble Space Telescope photometry. By comparing the $S_8 -\Omega _m^0$ planes of our method with the results from KV450+DES-Y1, we find that using our method and applying the RSD data may be helpful to break the parameter degeneracies.

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