Surgeon perspectives on the use and effects of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in the treatment of rectal cancer: a comprehensive review of the literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 400 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami A. Chadi ◽  
Marianna Berho ◽  
Steven D. Wexner
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Review

Time-Out: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve A. Nida ◽  
Arona R. Muckenfuss ◽  
D. Michelle Turner ◽  
Kipling D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Time Out

Arrested Hydrocephalus in Children: Report of Five Consecutive Cases and Comprehensive Review of the Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hurni ◽  
R. Guzman ◽  
J. Schneider ◽  
G. Ramelli
Keyword(s):  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Arrested Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeetendra P. Sah ◽  
Aaron W. Abrams ◽  
Geetha Chari ◽  
Craig Linden ◽  
Yaacov Anziska
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn this article, we reported a case of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I noted to have tetraventricular hydrocephalus with Blake's pouch cyst at 8 months of age following intrathecal nusinersen therapy. The association of hydrocephalus with SMA is rarely reported in the literature. Development of hydrocephalus after intrathecal nusinersen therapy is also reported in some cases, but a cause–effect relationship is not yet established. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of a patient with SMA type I and hydrocephalus, to review similar cases reported in the literature, and to explore the relationship between nusinersen therapy and development of hydrocephalus. The clinical presentation and radiographic findings of the patient are described and a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted. The adverse effect of communicating hydrocephalus related to nusinersen therapy is being reported and the authors suggest carefully monitoring for features of hydrocephalus developing during the course of nusinersen therapy.

Primary retroperitoneal neuroendocrine tumors: Report of two cases with a comprehensive review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdallah ◽  
Ahmed Zaki ◽  
Dalia Bayoumi ◽  
Marwa M.A. Zaki ◽  
Islam H. Metwally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Primary Retroperitoneal

scholarly journals Neoadjuvant chemoradiation alters biomarkers of anticancer immunotherapy responses in locally advanced rectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e001610
Author(s):  
Incheol Seo ◽  
Hye Won Lee ◽  
Sang Jun Byun ◽  
Jee Young Park ◽  
Hyeonji Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Advanced Rectal Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation ◽  
Cytolytic Activity ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Preoperative Treatment ◽  
Rna Seq

BackgroundNeoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) is a widely used preoperative treatment strategy for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, a few studies have evaluated the molecular changes caused by neoadjuvant CRT in these cancer tissues. Here, we aimed to investigate changes in immunotherapy-related immunogenic effects in response to preoperative CRT in LARC.MethodsWe analyzed 60 pairs of human LARC tissues before and after irradiation from three independent LARC cohorts, including a LARC patient RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) dataset from our cohort and GSE15781 and GSE94104 datasets.ResultsGene ontology analysis showed that preoperative CRT significantly enriched the immune response in LARC tissues. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis revealed six significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways associated with downregulated genes, including mismatch repair (MMR) genes, in LARC tissues after CRT in all three cohorts. Radiation also induced apoptosis and downregulated various MMR system-related genes in three colorectal cancer cells. One patient with LARC showed a change in microsatellite instability (MSI) status after CRT, as demonstrated by the loss of MMR protein and PCR for MSI. Moreover, CRT significantly increased tumor mutational burden in LARC tissues. CIBERSORT analysis revealed that the proportions of M2 macrophages and CD8 T cells were significantly increased after CRT in both the RNA-seq dataset and GSE94104. Notably, preoperative CRT increased various immune biomarker scores, such as the interferon-γ signature, the cytolytic activity and the immune signature.ConclusionsTaken together, our findings demonstrated that neoadjuvant CRT modulated the immune-related characteristics of LARC, suggesting that neoadjuvant CRT may enhance the responsiveness of LARC to immunotherapy.

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