Individual differences in dimensions of mind wandering: the mediating role of emotional valence and intentionality

In recent years, several investigations of the medical clowning profession have appeared in the literature. However, few studies have focused on factors associated with turnover among medical clowns early in their careers. The current study examined whether individual differences in humor disposition predicted turnover behavior. Participants were 111 medical clowns in a three-phase longitudinal study. Humor disposition was measured in the first week of their training, clowns' job satisfaction two months later, and turnover six months after that. Results showed that humor appreciation decreased actual turnover through the mediating role of job satisfaction, whereas individual differences in humor creation directly decreased turnover. In addition, previous traumatic experiences moderated the associations between humor appreciation and turnover. Overall, our research findings support the notion that humor disposition can help predict which clowns remain in the hospital.

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Hospitality diversity management and job satisfaction: The mediating role of organizational commitment across individual differences

International Journal of Hospitality Management ◽

10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102698 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 91 ◽

pp. 102698

Author(s):

Francisco J. García-Rodríguez ◽

Daniel Dorta-Afonso ◽

Manuel González-de-la-Rosa

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Organizational Commitment ◽

Diversity Management ◽

Mediating Role

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The Mediating Role of Affects between Mind-Wandering and Happiness

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12125139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 5139

Author(s):

Carlos Salavera ◽

Pablo Usán

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Mind Wandering ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Subjective Happiness ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Subjective Happiness Scale ◽

Average Happiness ◽

The Mind

The aim of this study was to assess the mediating role of affects between mind-wandering and happiness. The study was conducted with a sample comprising 270 university students—133 men (49.26%) and 137 women (50.74%)—who filled out the Mind-Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ), the Positive and Negative Affect Questionnaire (PANAS), and the SHS subjective happiness scale. Mind-wandering was found to be negatively correlated with happiness and positive effects. Higher mind-wandering-related scores went hand in hand with scores related to both lower happiness and positive affects. Approximately half the participants yielded low mind-wandering and negative affect scores and above-average happiness and positive affects scores. In addition, one in four scored above average in terms of mind-wandering and low in terms of happiness and positive effects. Finally, the mediating role played by affects was examined. It can be concluded that although in principle mind-wandering has no direct effect on happiness, some influence can be attested when affects, both positive and negative, are taken into consideration.

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Assessing the Relationship Between Drive for Thinness and Taste–Shape Correspondences

Multisensory Research ◽

10.1163/22134808-bja10030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 69-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yumi Hamamoto ◽

Kosuke Motoki ◽

Motoaki Sugiura

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorder ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Shape Matching ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Drive For Thinness ◽

Young Females ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Degree Of Association

Abstract Eating disorder tendencies are psychological characteristics that are prevalent in healthy young females and are known to be among the risk factors for eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa. People with greater eating disorder tendencies strongly associate sweet and fatty foods with weight gain and strictly avoid consuming such foods. However, little is known about how eating disorder tendencies influence the association between taste and body shape impression. Research on crossmodal correspondences suggests that people preferentially associate sweet tastes with round shapes, and individual differences affect the degree of such associations. This study investigates how the degree of taste–shape matching is related to eating disorder tendencies with a preliminary investigation of what mediates this relationship. Two experiments were conducted: in Experiment 1, healthy participants rated the degree of association between basic taste words (sweet/sour/salty/bitter) and roundness of shape and subsequently completed questionnaires addressing eating disorder tendencies. In Experiment 2, participants answered additional questionnaires addressing obsessiveness, dichotomous thinking, and self-esteem. The results of Experiment 1 indicated a positive correlation between drive for thinness, which is one indicator of an eating disorder tendency, and the degree of matching sweetness to round shape. Experiment 2 replicated the results of Experiment 1 and revealed the mediating effect of obsessiveness. These findings suggest a relationship between individual differences in taste–shape matching and eating disorder tendency and the preliminary mediating role of obsessiveness. The present study provides new insight into the role of sweet–round matching in eating disorder tendencies and the associated psychological mechanisms.

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The Temporal Focus of Mind-Wandering and Chinese Adolescents’ Well-Being

Psychological Reports ◽

10.1177/00332941211057141 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003329412110571

Author(s):

Tong Jiang ◽

Jingling Tian ◽

Yuzhuo Zhang ◽

Xuhai Chen ◽

Yangmei Luo

Keyword(s):

Identity Development ◽

Well Being ◽

Mind Wandering ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

Self Identity ◽

Large Sample ◽

Self Reflection ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Temporal Focus

The relationships between the temporal focus of mind-wandering (i.e., past-oriented and future-oriented mind-wandering) and well-being are important issues for adolescents, which may have significant implications on their well-being and self-identity development. However, few studies tested the temporal focus of mind-wandering and its emotional consequences in adolescents. In the present study, we conducted two studies using self-reported questionnaires from large sample sets to examine the relationships between the temporal focus of mind-wandering and hedonic (pleasure attainment) and eudaimonic (meaning pursuing) well-being among Chinese adolescents. Study 1 preliminarily tested the relationships between the temporal focus of mind-wandering and hedonic well-being among adolescents ( n = 1273) suggesting that both past-oriented mind-wandering (PMW) and future-oriented mind-wandering (FMW) were positively correlated with hedonic well-being. Study 2 used a new sample ( n = 986) and included another aspect of well-being (i.e., eudaimonic well-being), showing that PMW and FMW were both positively correlated with hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Moreover, self-reflection mediated the relationships between FMW and hedonic/eudaimonic well-being, whereas self-reflection did not act as a mediator in the relationships between PMW and well-being. The present findings indicated that both PMW and FMW are beneficial for Chinese adolescents’ well-being, and emphasized the mediating role of self-reflection in the relationships between FMW and well-being.

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Corrigendum to “perceived female infidelity and male sexual coercion concerning first sex in Chinese college students' dating relationships: The mediating role of male partners' attachment insecurity” [Personality and Individual Differences 111 (2017) 146–152]

Personality and Individual Differences ◽

10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.043 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 117 ◽

pp. 280

Author(s):

Shanshan He ◽

Sandra Tsang

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Sexual Coercion ◽

Male Partners ◽

Dating Relationships ◽

Chinese College Students ◽

First Sex ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Female Infidelity

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Individual Differences Relate to Support for Insanity and Postpartum Depression Legal Defenses: The Mediating Role of Moral Disengagement

Psychiatry Psychology and Law ◽

10.1080/13218719.2017.1351905 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 219-236

Author(s):

Emily F. Wood ◽

Sarah A. Trescher ◽

Monica K. Miller ◽

Christine M. McDermott

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Moral Disengagement ◽

Mediating Role

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Working Memory Beats Age: Evidence of the Influence of Working Memory on the Production of Children’s Emotional False Memories

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.714498 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Chiara Mirandola ◽

Francesca Pazzaglia

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

False Memories ◽

Emotional Valence ◽

Negative Events ◽

Positive Events ◽

Current Article ◽

Children First

Emotional valence and working memory ability (WM) affect false memories’ production in adults. Whereas a number of studies have investigated the role of emotional valence in children’s tendency to produce spontaneous false memories, individual differences in WM have not been previously included. In the current article, we were interested in investigating whether emotion and WM would interact in influencing the propensity to incur inferential false memories for scripted events. Ninety-eight typically developing children (first-, third-, and eighth- graders) were administered the Emotional false memory paradigm – allowing to study false memories for negative, positive, and neutral events – and a WM task. Results showed that regardless of age, valence influenced false memories’ production, such that positive events protected against incurring distortions. Furthermore, WM interacted with valence, such that children with higher WM abilities produced fewer false memories for negative events. Concerning confidence judgments, only the youngest group of children claimed to be overconfident when committing false memories for negative and neutral events. Results are discussed in terms of the role of individual differences in higher cognitive abilities interacting with the emotional content of to-be-remembered events.

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