positive events
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2022 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 111379
Author(s):  
Vanessa Panaite ◽  
Sunkyung Yoon ◽  
Andrew R. Devendorf ◽  
Todd B. Kashdan ◽  
Fallon R. Goodman ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Kuwabara ◽  
Linda B. Smith

How parents talk about social events shapes their children’s understanding of the social world and themselves. In this study, we show that parents in a society that more strongly values individualism (the United States) and one that more strongly values collectivism (Japan) differ in how they talk about negative social events, but not positive ones. An animal puppet show presented positive social events (e.g., giving a gift) and negative social events (e.g., knocking over another puppet’s block tower). All shows contained two puppets, an actor and a recipient of the event. We asked parents to talk to their 3- and 4-years old children about these events. A total of 26 parent–child dyads from the United States (M = 41.92 months) and Japan (M = 42.77 months) participated. The principal dependent measure was how much parent talk referred to the actor of each type of social event. There were no cultural differences observed in positive events – both the United States and Japanese parents discussed actors more than recipients. However, there were cultural differences observed in negative events – the United States parents talked mostly about the actor but Japanese parents talked equally about the actor and the recipient of the event. The potential influences of these differences on early cognitive and social development are discussed.


2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-490
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Martínez-Zelaya ◽  
Marian Bilbao Ramírez ◽  
Darío Páez Rovira

Perceived changes in basic beliefs and growth related to life events were examined in three studies. A representative sample (N = 885), a sample of students and their families (N = 291) and a sample of students (N = 245) responded with a list of positive and negative life events, a scale of changes in basic beliefs and a post-traumatic growth scale. Positive events were strongly associated with changes in basic beliefs, while only weak associations were found for negative events. In addition, negative changes in basic beliefs were associated with growth only in negative life events and positive changes in basic beliefs were generally associated with growth.


2021 ◽  
pp. 027243162110580
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Chun ◽  
Katherine S. Benjamin ◽  
Amy H. Mezulis

The experience of positive events is associated with increased positive affect, which can beneficially impact the physical and mental health outcomes of adolescents. Despite an increase in important life events during adolescence, little research has examined the influence of positive events on affect in this population. This study used Ecological Momentary Assessment to investigate individual differences in the effects of daily positive events on momentary positive and negative affect and event-specific positive affect among 136 adolescents ( M age = 13.03 years). Results indicated that interpersonal and independent events elicited greater event-specific positive affect than non-interpersonal and dependent events. Dependent interpersonal events were associated with the greatest positive affect compared to other combinations of event types. Gender did not moderate these effects. These findings may address the gap in the literature regarding the types of daily positive events that elicit the most positive affect in adolescents, and in turn, may enhance well-being.


Author(s):  
Orap M.O. ◽  
Akimova N.V. ◽  
Kalba Ya.Ye.

The global pandemia and introduced quarantine provides completely new social conditions that affect the mental health of people. The influence of trait and state anxiety on people with different levels of subjective well-being in quarantine remains unexplored. Method: We used the PERMA-Profiler (J. Butler, M. Kern) technique to diagnose the overall level of subjective well-being and its components. The STAI method (С. Spielberger) was also used to study the level of respondent’s trait and state anxiety. Results: It was found that the overall level of life satisfaction is sig- nificantly negatively correlated with the level of trait anxiety (r = - .25). The level of state anxiety was unexpectedly lower at the beginning of quarantine (43.95 ± 3.90), than one month later (48.50 ± 5.08). Qualitative analysis has led to the conclusion that in adolescence this is due to a lack of awareness of the dangers of a pandemic and the general attitude to quarantine as a holiday and vacation. There was an inverse relationship between anxiety and positive emotions before the quarantine, but under quarantine, positive emo- tions lost their potential to contain anxiety, and correlations were insignificant, so even positive events under quarantine could not reduce COVID-19 anxiety. However, the general level of subjective well-being of Ukrainian youth does not correlate with the level of anxiety and has not changed significantly during the first months of the quarantine. Conclusions: The concept of subjective well-being of Ukrainian youth is based primarily on subjective indicators of positive emotions and meanings and much less depends on more objective criteria, such as health, engagement and accomplishment. It was found that during the first month of the quarantine, the level of state anxiety did not affect the experience of subjective well-being by Ukrainian adolescence. Key words: subjective well-being, anxiety, pandemic, COVID-19, quarantine, adolescence. Пандемія та запроваджений карантин створили цілком нові соціальні умови, котрі впливають на стан психічного здоров’я людей. Недослідженою залишається особистісна і ситуативна тривожність осіб з різним рівнем суб’єктивного благополуччя в умовах карантину. Методологія та методи. Використано методику “PERMA-Profiler” (Дж. Батлер, М. Керн) для діагностики загального рівня суб’єктивного благополуччя та його складових. Використано методику “STAI” (Ч. Спілбергер) для дослідження рівня особистісної та ситуативної тривожності респондентів. Результати. Встановлено, що загальний рівень задоволення життям значуще негативно корелює з рівнем загальної (особистісної) тривожності (r = - .25). Зафіксовано, що рівень ситуативної тривожності є неочікувано статистично нижчим на початку карантину (43.95±3.90), ніж через місяць після (48.50±5.08). Якісне аналізування дало змогу констатувати, що у юнаків це пов’язано з недостатнім усвідомленням загроз пандемії та загальним ставленням до карантину, як до відпочинку і канікул. З’ясовано, що причинами ситуативної три- вожності на початку карантину було переважно обмежене спілкування, страх за здоров’я та обмежена мобільність. Звернуто увагу, що до початку карантину існувала обернена залежність між рівнем тривожності та позитивними емоціями, але через місяць карантину позитивні емоції втратили свій потенціал щодо стримування рівня тривожності. Констатовано, що встановлені кореляції є неіс- тотними, навіть позитивні події в умовах карантину не здатні знижувати рівень тривожності щодо COVID-19. Встановлено, що загальний рівень суб’єктивного благополуччя українського юнацтва не корелює з рівнем тривожності та істотно не змінився за перші місяці запровадженого карантину. Висновки. З’ясовано, що благополуччя української молоді ґрунтується насамперед на суб’єктивних показниках позитивних емоцій, і значно менше залежить від більш об’єктивних критеріїв, таких як стан здоров’я, залученість та досягнення. Було встановлено, що впродовж першого місяця запро- вадженого карантину рівень ситуативної тривожності не вплинув на переживання суб’єктивного благополуччя українськими юнаками і юнками. Ключові слова: суб’єктивне благополуччя, тривожність, пандемія, COVID-19, карантин, юнацтво.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 888-888
Author(s):  
Patrick Klaiber ◽  
Lydia Ong ◽  
Anita DeLongis ◽  
Nancy Sin

Abstract Multiple studies suggest that community-dwelling older adults are psychologically resilient in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, during the initial weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak, older age was associated with engaging in more daily positive events (Klaiber et al., 2021, Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences). We followed up on these findings by exploring age differences in positive event appraisals during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the 7-day diary study conducted between March and August 2020, 1036 participants (mean age = 45.95, SD = 16.04, range = 18-91) reported their positive events in nightly surveys. If at least one positive event occurred, participants rated their appraisals of the event on the following dimensions: importance, calmness, happiness, gratitude, personal responsibility, and control. Older adults (60 years+) rated their positive events to be more personally important and felt more calm and happy during these events, compared to younger (18-39 years) and middle-aged adults (40-59 years). Furthermore, older adults felt more grateful during positive events compared to younger but not middle-aged adults. There were no age differences in feelings of control or personal responsibility for positive events. These findings highlight the importance of daily positive events for older adults during a time of major stress. In line with theories on adult development, daily positive event processes in older adults are characterized by valuing positive and meaningful social connections, as well as a greater degree of positive event-specific emotions such as feeling calm, happy, and grateful.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
Erica O'Brien ◽  
David Almeida ◽  
Christiane Hoppmann

Abstract A physically active lifestyle has several health benefits in both the short- and long-term. This includes higher levels of emotional and psychological well-being and, in many cases, maintained well-being despite stressful experiences that can have countervailing, negative impacts on health. This symposium presents innovative research that (a) links physical activity to positive and negative events or experiences in middle-aged and older adults, and that (b) uses different assessment and analytical techniques to unpack these links on multiple timescales – between moments, days, and years. Lee and colleagues investigate the influence of daily positive experiences on the likelihood and extent of physical activity. O’Brien and Almeida examine how daily stressor experiences predict engagement in different intensities of physical activity and highlight moderating factors such as perceived stressor control. Puterman and colleagues characterize the real-time associations between physical activity and negative responses to stressful experiences by using intensive, within-day assessment methods and accelerometry data. Lastly, Benson and colleagues report on whether the potential for daily physical activity to protect against negative stressor responses differs with age and changes across the adult lifespan. Together, these papers consider the nature and mechanisms of the relationship between physical activity and everyday experiences (e.g., stressors and positive events). They also underscore the importance of assessing relationships on different timescales to obtain a clearer understanding of intrapersonal and developmental processes. As discussant, Hoppmann will assess the strengths and limitations of these papers, elaborate on underlying and overarching themes, and identify future directions in this field.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 722-723
Author(s):  
Maria Kurth ◽  
Hye Soo Lee ◽  
Soyoung Choun ◽  
Carolyn Aldwin ◽  
Dylan Lee

Abstract Several cross-sectional studies have examined stressors and positive events among older adults during COVID-19. We extend these studies by examining changes across time in perceptions of stress and positive experiences. Older adults in Oregon (Mage = 71.1, SD = 7.3, range = 51-95) completed weekly surveys from April 28 to June 23, responding to an adaptation of the Daily Stress Inventory (DISE; Almeida et al., 2002). DISE examines stressors and positive experiences across six domains (health, spouse/partner, other relationships, work/volunteer, finances, and retirement) on a 7-point scale (1 = not at all to 7 = extremely). At baseline, those who felt more stressed were younger, female, and reported more chronic health conditions, while younger adults, especially males, reported more positive events. Positive and stress intensity scores were not correlated. Multilevel models found that for both positive, Blinear = -2.54, SE = 0.52, p < .001; Bquadratic = 0.21, p < .05, and stress, Blinear = -0.79, p < .001; Bquadratic = 0.07, p <.01, intensity showed decelerated decreases across time; residuals for both models were significant. Older adults had lower stress levels, while women and those with chronic health conditions had higher stress levels. Women also reported lower levels of positive events. In both models, neither age, gender, nor chronic health conditions predicted change. These results highlight the evolving experiences during COVID-19, as perceptions of stress and positive events decreased. Future studies should examine how the changing circumstances during COVID-19 affect adaptation, including perceived stress and positive events.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 962-962
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hahn Rickenbach ◽  
Janelle Fassi

Abstract Grandparents are increasingly providing extensive and custodial care for their grandchildren. Many factors have contributed to a societal rise in caregiving among grandparents, including addiction, incarceration, dual-income families, and the cost of childcare. Past work has highlighted positive effects of grandparenting (e.g. reduced dementia risk); however, research is limited that examines the day to day challenges grandparent caregivers experience. The goal of this research was to examine daily experiences of stressors, positive events, physical symptoms, and daily mood of grandparent caregivers. Participants (n=18 grandparent caregivers) filled out a diary survey for five consecutive days that measured daily stressors and positive events. A total of 90 diaries were completed. Stressors were reported on 97.6% of days. Multilevel analysis examining emotional and physical reactivity to daily events showed that, controlling for age and gender, on days when participants reported more stressors than average, they reported higher negative affect (p=.019), lower positive affect (p=.003) and more physical symptoms (p=.002). Positive events were not significantly associated with daily mood or daily physical symptoms. Overall, the findings supported the hypothesis that grandparent caregivers experience emotional and physical reactivity to the daily challenges they experience. Future research should examine resources and supports to reduce the impact of daily stressors, as well as the particular challenges among underrepresented groups, particularly Black and Latino grandparents, who provide disproportionate levels of care for their grandchildren. The current study highlights the potential vulnerability and daily needs for support among grandparents who provide regular and custodial care for their grandchildren.


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