scholarly journals Mouse adaptation of the H9N2 avian influenza virus causes the downregulation of genes related to innate immune responses and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Jing Guo ◽  
Xinxin Gao ◽  
Baotao Liu ◽  
Yubao Li ◽  
Wenqiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
H9n2 Avian Influenza Virus

Systemic immune responses to an inactivated, whole H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccine using class B CpG oligonucleotides in chickens

Vaccine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (32) ◽  
pp. 3947-3952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirene M. Singh ◽  
Tamiru N. Alkie ◽  
Douglas C. Hodgins ◽  
Éva Nagy ◽  
Bahram Shojadoost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Virus Vaccine ◽  
H9n2 Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Cpg Oligonucleotides ◽  
Class B

scholarly journals Antiviral activity of diallyl trisulfide against H9N2 avian influenza virus infection in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Ming ◽  
Zhihui Li ◽  
Xiaofang Li ◽  
Ling Tang ◽  
Guimei He
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Diallyl Trisulfide ◽  
H9n2 Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Background Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is a garlic-derived organosulfur compound. As it has been shown to have anti-viral activity, we hypothesized that it may alleviate infections caused by H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV), which is prevalent in poultry with pandemic potential. Methods Human lung A549 epithelial cells were treated with three different concentrations of DATS 24 h before (pre-treatment) or one hour after (post-treatment) H9N2 AIV infection. Culture supernatants were collected 24 h and 48 h post-infection and analyzed for viral titers and levels of inflammatory and anti-viral immune responses. For in vivo experiments, BABL/c mice were administered daily by intraperitoneal injection with DATS (30 mg/kg) for 2 weeks starting 1 day after H9N2 AIV infection. Clinical signs, lung pathology, and inflammatory and anti-viral immune responses were assessed 2, 4, and 6 days after infection. Results Both pre-treatment and post-treatment of A549 cells with DATS resulted in reduced viral loads, increased expression of anti-viral genes (RIG-I, IRF-3, and interferon-β), and decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). These effects were also observed in H9N2 AIV-infected mice treated with DATS. Such treatment also reduced lung edema and inflammation in mice. Conclusions Results suggest that DATS has anti-viral activity against H9N2 AIV and may be used as an alternative treatment for influenza virus infection.

Examination of the effects of virus inactivation methods on the induction of antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses against whole inactivated H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccines in chickens

Vaccine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (27) ◽  
pp. 3908-3916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Astill ◽  
Tamiru Alkie ◽  
Alexander Yitbarek ◽  
Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz ◽  
Jegarubee Bavananthasivam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Inactivation ◽  
H9n2 Avian Influenza Virus
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