scholarly journals Immunosuppressive effects of Ixodes ricinus tick saliva or salivary gland extracts on innate and acquired immune response of BALB/c mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naceur Mejri ◽  
Bernard Rutti ◽  
Michel Brossard
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Saliva ◽  
Ricinus Tick

scholarly journals Characterization of the B-cell inhibitory protein factor in Ixodes ricinus tick saliva: a potential role in enhanced Borrelia burgdoferi transmission

Immunology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Hannier ◽  
Janet Liversidge ◽  
Jeremy M. Sternberg ◽  
Alan S. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Inhibitory Protein ◽  
Tick Saliva ◽  
Protein Factor ◽  
Ricinus Tick

Ixodes ricinus tick saliva modulates tick-borne encephalitis virus infection of dendritic cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 580-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Fialová ◽  
Zdeněk Cimburek ◽  
Giandomenica Iezzi ◽  
Jan Kopecký
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tick Saliva ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Ricinus Tick ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

scholarly journals Tick Salivary Gland Extract Inhibits Killing ofBorrelia afzelii Spirochetes by Mouse Macrophages

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 575-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Kuthejlová ◽  
Jan Kopecký ◽  
Gabriela Štěpánová ◽  
Aleš Macela
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Salivary Gland Extract ◽  
Tick Saliva ◽  
Murine Macrophages ◽  
Gland Extract ◽  
Mouse Macrophages ◽  
Defense Molecules

ABSTRACT Salivary gland extract (SGE) from Ixodes ricinus ticks inhibited the killing of Borrelia afzelii spirochetes by murine macrophages. SGE also reduced the production of two major defense molecules of phagocytes, superoxide and nitric oxide. It is likely that the suppression of macrophage microbicidal mechanisms contributes to the inhibitory effect of tick saliva on the killing ofB. afzelii spirochetes, thus facilitating the transmission of this important pathogen.

scholarly journals Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Entrap and Kill Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto Spirochetes and Are Not Affected by Ixodes ricinus Tick Saliva

2012 ◽  
Vol 189 (11) ◽  
pp. 5393-5401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Menten-Dedoyart ◽  
Céline Faccinetto ◽  
Maryna Golovchenko ◽  
Ingrid Dupiereux ◽  
Pierre-Bernard Van Lerberghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Tick Saliva ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Ricinus Tick ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Stricto

scholarly journals Iripin-3, a New Salivary Protein Isolated From Ixodes ricinus Ticks, Displays Immunomodulatory and Anti-Hemostatic Properties In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adéla Chlastáková ◽  
Jan Kotál ◽  
Zuzana Beránková ◽  
Barbora Kaščáková ◽  
Larissa Almeida Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Tick Feeding ◽  
Tick Saliva ◽  
Mouse Splenocytes

Tick saliva is a rich source of pharmacologically and immunologically active molecules. These salivary components are indispensable for successful blood feeding on vertebrate hosts and are believed to facilitate the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. Here we present the functional and structural characterization of Iripin-3, a protein expressed in the salivary glands of the tick Ixodes ricinus, a European vector of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease. Belonging to the serpin superfamily of protease inhibitors, Iripin-3 strongly inhibited the proteolytic activity of serine proteases kallikrein and matriptase. In an in vitro setup, Iripin-3 was capable of modulating the adaptive immune response as evidenced by reduced survival of mouse splenocytes, impaired proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes, suppression of the T helper type 1 immune response, and induction of regulatory T cell differentiation. Apart from altering acquired immunity, Iripin-3 also inhibited the extrinsic blood coagulation pathway and reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages. In addition to its functional characterization, we present the crystal structure of cleaved Iripin-3 at 1.95 Å resolution. Iripin-3 proved to be a pluripotent salivary serpin with immunomodulatory and anti-hemostatic properties that could facilitate tick feeding via the suppression of host anti-tick defenses. Physiological relevance of Iripin-3 activities observed in vitro needs to be supported by appropriate in vivo experiments.

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