scholarly journals Autochthonous Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Angiostrongylus vasorum and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus infections in native terrestrial gastropods from the Macaronesian Archipelago of Spain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Segeritz ◽  
Alejandro Cardona ◽  
Anja Taubert ◽  
Carlos Hermosilla ◽  
Antonio Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
El Hierro ◽  
Terrestrial Gastropods ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Macaronesian Archipelago

AbstractThe presence of zoonotic relevant Angiostrongylus cantonensis infections has recently been reported in rat final hosts and gastropod intermediate hosts in Tenerife, Spain. However, data on A. cantonensis, Angiostrongylus vasorum and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus prevalences in endemic gastropods for other islands of the Macaronesian Archipelago are still missing. In order to fill this gap, we conducted an epidemiological study on terrestrial native slug (Plutonia lamarckii) and snail (Cornu aspersum, Theba pisana, Rumina decollata) species in 27 selected locations of Tenerife, Gran Canaria, El Hierro, Lanzarote, La Palma and Fuerteventura. Overall, 131 terrestrial gastropods were collected in winter/spring season 2018/2019 and examined for the presence of metastrongyloid lungworm larvae via artificial digestion. The current data revealed a total prevalence of 4.6% for A. vasorum, 3.8% for A. abstrusus and 0.8% for A. cantonensis. In Tenerife, three lungworm species were detected, thereby re-confirming A. cantonensis endemicity for this island. Prevalences of snails (C. aspersum) originating from El Hierro were 5% for A. abstrusus and 15% for A. vasorum, respectively, with larval burdens up to 290 larvae per specimen. This epidemiological study indicates the presence of human, canine and feline lungworm species in Macaronesia, Spain. The current data—particularly those on anthropozoonotic A. cantonensis—call for a regular large-scale monitoring on intermediate hosts, paratenic hosts and definitive hosts to prevent further spread of lungworm-related diseases in humans and animals.

scholarly journals The Chronology of Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet, 1866), Kamensky, 1905: Infection in Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
T. A. Barçante ◽  
J. M. P. Barçante ◽  
L. Cardoso ◽  
R. N. Remedio ◽  
W. S. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Oral Infection ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Terrestrial Gastropods ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
Migratory Pattern ◽  
Different Tissues

The intermediate hosts of the French heartworm Angiostrongylus vasorum are aquatic and terrestrial gastropods. The present work is aimed at clarifying the sites of penetration and the migratory routes of A. vasorum in Biomphalaria glabrata snail tissues and evaluating their perilarval reaction with regard to the cellular composition and histological alterations involved in the gastropod response to infection. Biomphalaria glabrata snails were individually infected with 1000 first-stage larvae (L1) of A. vasorum each and killed at predetermined times after infection. Percutaneous infection occurred simultaneously with oral infection. Despite larval tropism to the fibromuscular tissue, some larvae were located in different tissues and organs. A perilarval reaction was observed around the larvae in a fibromuscular layer, appearing later around the larvae located in the viscera. The number of hemocytes surrounding the larvae increased gradually, forming a pregranuloma. Larval death and degeneration were not observed. No defined migratory pattern occurred, and larval development was apparently not associated with particular tissues or organs. In addition, the infection by A. vasorum induces a systemic mobilization of hemocytes in perilarval reaction.

scholarly journals Epidemiología de las parasitosis transmitidas por moluscos en el NE de Argentina: Puerto Iguazú, sitio de intercambio en la triple frontera

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Romina Valente
Keyword(s):  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus

Los gasterópodos pueden actuar como hospedadores intermediarios de ciclos de nematodes Metastrongyloidea (Strongylida) de importancia en sanidad humana y animal. Los metastrongylidos incluyen cuatro especies de importancia sanitaria a nivel mundial: Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Angiostrongylus costaricensis, Angiostrongylus vasorum y Aelurostrongylus abstrusus. Lissachatina fulica fue detectado en la ciudad de Puerto Iguazú, Misiones en el año 2010 y es una especie que está en simpatría con las especies nativas Phyllocaulis variegatus y Latipes erinaceus. En el Noreste Argentino (NEA) aún no existen estudios parasitológicos en gasterópodos terrestres. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la distribución, dispersión y parasitofauna del caracol gigante africano L. fulica, desde su detección hasta la actualidad y de las babosas nativas con el fin de determinar su rol en la transmisión de helmintos parásitos, con especial énfasis en los nematodes metastrongylidos. Se analizaron un total de 995 ejemplares de L. fulica, 120 de P. variegatus y 14 de L. erinaceus, colectados en el área urbana de Puerto Iguazú los cuales fueron medidos para posteriormente ser clasificados en cuatro intervalos de tallas. Los hospedadores fueron procesados utilizando dos técnicas diferentes: evisceración y digestión artificial. Se identificaron tres especies de helmintos parásitos: Brachylaima sp. (Trematoda, Brachylaimidae), Strongyluris sp. (Nematoda, Heterakidae) y Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (Nematoda, Angiostrongylidae). A pesar de los bajos valores de prevalencia, abundancia media e intensidad media hallados, los resultados mostraron una relación significativamente positiva entre la carga parasitaria y el tamaño de los hospedadores. Así mismo, se observó que las variables ambientales no influyen sobre la distribución de las especies parásitas. El análisis de distribución espacial de L. fulica desde su detección en la Argentina hasta la actualidad se incrementó, encontrándose así nuevas áreas focos dentro de la ciudad de Puerto Iguazú. En contraparte la distribución de P. variegatus y L. erinaceus disminuyó a lo largo del tiempo de muestreo. Los mapas predictivos de distribución de nicho ecológico muestran a futuro un cambio radical en la distribución espacial de L. fulica, alcanzando una expansión hacia nuevas áreas geográficas actualmente insospechadas. Se observó que las áreas más comprometidas para el futuro son el este, oeste y sur de Sudamérica, incluida casi la totalidad de la de Argentina. Por otra parte se observó que los factores ambientales influyen en el tamaño corporal de L. fulica, observándose una significativa asociación entre las tallas más pequeñas [0-3 cm) y períodos con escasas precipitaciones-bajas temperaturas (período de hibernación), y entre las tallas más grandes [6-12 cm) y períodos con temperaturas promedio de 20-25 C°, y precipitaciones continuas (períodos postestivación). En relación a las babosas Veronicellidae las tallas intermedias [3-9 cm) fueron las más abundantes en el bimestre octubre-noviembre, período en el que se observa un incremento en las lluvias y descenso de las temperaturas, aspecto importante para organismos desnudos que respiran a través de su tegumento. La continuidad de estos estudios sobre la parasitofauna de gasterópodos terrestres y en particular de L. fulica permitirá conocer su rol en la transmisión de parásitos de importancia sanitaria en Puerto Iguazú y en las áreas de expansión de distribución prevista para los próximos años, dado que representan un escenario epidemiológico preocupante.

scholarly journals Infectivity of gastropod-shed third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis to dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Robbins ◽  
Gary Conboy ◽  
Spencer Greenwood ◽  
Roland Schaper
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Crenosoma Vulpis ◽  
Artificial Digestion ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Limax Maximus

Abstract Background Metastrongyloid parasites Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis infect wild and domestic canids and are important pathogens in dogs. Recent studies indicate that gastropod intermediate hosts infected with various metastrongyloids spontaneously shed infective third-stage larvae (L3) into the environment via feces and mucus under laboratory conditions. Shed L3 retain motility up to 120 days, but whether they retain infectivity was unknown. Methods To assess the infectivity of shed L3, the heart/lungs of six red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were obtained from trappers in Newfoundland, Canada. Lungs were examined for first-stage larvae (L1) by the Baermann technique. A high number of viable A. vasorum L1 and a low number of C. vulpis L1 were recovered from one fox; these were used to infect naïve laboratory-raised Limax maximus. L3 recovered from slugs by artificial digestion were fed to two naïve purpose-bred research beagles (100 L3/dog). L1 shed by these two dogs was used to infect 546 L. maximus (2000–10,000 L1/slug). L3 shedding was induced by anesthetizing slugs in soda water and transferring them into warm (45 °C) tap water for at least 8 h. Shed L3 recovered from slugs were aliquoted on romaine lettuce in six-well tissue culture plates (80–500 L3/well) and stored at 16 °C/75% relative humidity. Four naïve research beagles were then exposed to 100 L3/dog from larvae stored for 0, 2, 4, or 8 weeks, respectively, after shedding. Results All four dogs began shedding C. vulpis L1 by 26–36 days post-infection (PI). All four dogs began shedding A. vasorum L1 by 50 days PI. Conclusions L3 infectivity for the definitive host was retained in both metastrongyloids, indicating the potential for natural infection in dogs through exposure from environmental contamination. As an additional exposure route, eating or licking plant or other material(s) contaminated with metastrongyloid L3 could dramatically increase the number of dogs at risk of infection from these parasites. Graphic Abstract

Angiostrongylus cantonensis in urban populations of terrestrial gastropods and rats in an impoverished region of Brazil

Parasitology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Fábio Neves Souza ◽  
Maísa Aguiar Santos ◽  
Daniele Almeida Alves ◽  
Leyva Cecília Vieira de Melo ◽  
Dan Jessé Gonçalves da Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
Terrestrial Gastropods

Terrestrial gastropods from the Himsworth Game Preserve, Ontario, and their significance in Parelaphostrongylus tenuis transmission

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Kearney ◽  
Frederick F. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Terrestrial Gastropods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Open Habitat ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Parelaphostrongylus Tenuis ◽  
Collection Period

Terrestrial gastropods were collected within the 1220-ha Himsworth Game Preserve in central Ontario during 1974 to determine their abundance and habitat preference. Collections from systematically arranged plots occurred 23 May to 4 June, 6 July to 14 July, and 26 August to 5 September. In all 16 498 gastropods were collected; 4351, in the first, 5622 in the second, and 6525 in the third collection period. Sixteen species were represented with Discus cronkhitei and Zonitoides arboreus accounting for 69.3% of the specimens. Deroceras laeve and Pallifera dorsalis were the most common slugs. Gastropods (excluding slugs) showed a significant preference for mixed forest and a significant aversion to open habitat types during all collection periods. Slugs were significantly less abundant in mixed forest and more abundant in open habitat types during the third collection period.Eight of the 16 species collected (80.1% of the specimens) have previously been identified as intermediate hosts of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis. However, only 19 third-stage larvae of P. tenuis were obtained from the 16450 gastropods digested in pepsin. It is proposed that Zonitoides arboreus in association with Betula papyrifera may be important components in the transmission of P. tenuis to cervids on the Himsworth Game Preserve.

scholarly journals Natural infection of Deroceras laeve (Mollusca: gastropoda) with metastrongylid larvae in a transmission focus of abdominal angiostrongyliasis

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Lucyk MAURER ◽  
Carlos GRAEFF-TEIXEIRA ◽  
José Willibaldo THOMÉ ◽  
Luís Antônio CHIARADIA ◽  
Hiroko SUGAYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
First Time

Angiostrongylus costaricensis is a nematode parasitic of rodents. Man may become infected by ingestion of the third stage larvae produced within the intermediate hosts, usually slugs from the family Veronicellidae. An epidemiological study carried out in a locality in southern Brazil (western Santa Catarina State) where these slugs are a crop pest and an important vector for A. costaricensis has documented for the first time the natural infection of Deroceras laeve with metastrongylid larvae. This small limacid slug is frequently found amid the folds of vegetable leaves and may be inadvertently ingested. Therefore D. laeve may have an important role in transmission of A. costaricensis to man.

Studies on Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Molluscan Intermediate Hosts

1967 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Richards ◽  
James W. Merritt
Keyword(s):  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Intermediate Hosts
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