Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in zebra mussels ( Dreissena polymorpha ): evidence from the St. Lawrence River

2001 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaddeus K. Graczyk ◽  
David J. Marcogliese ◽  
Yves de Lafontaine ◽  
Alexandre J. Da Silva ◽  
Barbara Mhangami-Ruwende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Zebra Mussels ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts ◽  
St Lawrence River

Aging of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in river water and their susceptibility to disinfection by chlorine and monochloramine

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1154-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Chauret ◽  
Kerry Nolan ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
Susan Springthorpe ◽  
Syed Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts ◽  
St Lawrence River

Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were aged in waters from both the St. Lawrence River and the Ottawa River. In situ survival experiments were carried out by incubating the oocysts in either dialysis cassettes or microtubes floated into an overflow tank. A significant portion of the oocysts survived in the test waters for several weeks. Oocyst survival in the St. Lawrence River was better in membrane-filtered (0.2-µm-pore diameter) water than in unfiltered water, suggesting that biological antagonism may play a role in the environmental fate of the parasite. Oocysts aged in river waters under in situ conditions and control oocysts kept refrigerated in synthetic water (100 ppm as CaCO3; pH 7.0) were subjected to the same disinfection protocol. Aged oocysts were at least as resistant as, if not more resistant than, the control oocysts to disinfection. This indicates that the oocysts surviving in the water environment may be just as difficult to inactivate by potable water disinfection as freshly shed oocysts. Therefore, water treatment should not be based on the assumption that environmental oocysts may be more easily inactivated than freshly shed oocysts. First-order kinetics die-off rates varied from one river to another (from 0.013 to 0.039 log10·day-1) and from one experiment to another with water from the same river collected at different times. Calculation of the die-off rates based on either in vitro excystation or in vitro excystation in combination with total counts (overall die-off rates) showed that the assessment of oocyst viability by microscopic methods must account for the total oocyst loss observed during long-term inactivation assays of river waters.Key words: Cryptosporidium, survival, disinfection, biological antagonism.

Organotins in zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and sediments of the Quebec City Harbour area of the St. Lawrence River

2001 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Regoli ◽  
Hing Man Chan ◽  
Yves de Lafontaine ◽  
Igor Mikaelian
Keyword(s):  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Zebra Mussels ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Harbour Area ◽  
St Lawrence River

Biomarkers in zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) for the assessment and monitoring of water quality of the St Lawrence River (Canada)

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves de Lafontaine ◽  
François Gagné ◽  
Christian Blaise ◽  
Georges Costan ◽  
Pierre Gagnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Zebra Mussels ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring ◽  
St Lawrence River

Survival and infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts bioaccumulated by Dreissena polymorpha

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Géba ◽  
A. Rousseau ◽  
A. Le Guernic ◽  
S. Escotte‐Binet ◽  
L. Favennec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts

Predation on zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) by captive-reared map turtles (Graptemys geographica)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2238-2243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Serrouya ◽  
Anthony Ricciardi ◽  
Fred G. Whoriskey
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
River System ◽  
Zebra Mussels ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Bithynia Tentaculata ◽  
Map Turtles ◽  
Graptemys Geographica ◽  
St Lawrence River

The suitability of the Eurasian zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, as prey for the common map turtle, Graptemys geographica, was tested under laboratory conditions. The turtles, which were reared in captivity without contact with molluscs, readily consumed zebra mussels in every feeding trial. Mussels were ingested whole. Repeated exposure to zebra mussels in successive trials did not increase consumption rates (ca. 11 mussels/turtle per day), suggesting that the turtles required little time to recognize and efficiently utilize zebra mussels as prey. The turtles were offered zebra mussels ranging from 4 to 34 mm in length and consumed mussels as large as 32 mm, but mussels larger than 25 mm were consumed at lower rates. Turtles consumed lower numbers of zebra mussels in the presence of an alternative prey, the prosobranch snail Bithynia tentaculata, which is common in map turtle habitats in the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence River system. Populations of map turtles and zebra mussels are sympatric in the upper St. Lawrence River, Lake Champlain, the lower Great Lakes, and the upper Mississippi River basin. Our results suggest that map turtles may forage on zebra mussels in nature, but zebra mussels will be important prey only when preferred or more profitable prey are scarce.

Isolation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from fecal samples: the combination of ether extraction and discontinuous sucrose gradients

1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S H Wee ◽  
C G Lee ◽  
B S Kim ◽  
H D Joo ◽  
S W Kang
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Ether Extraction ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts

Depressed filtration ripening enhances removal of Cryptosporidium parvum

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gitis ◽  
R.C. Haught ◽  
R.M. Clark ◽  
E. Radha Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts ◽  
Granular Filtration ◽  
Electrostatic Adhesion ◽  
Innovative Concept

Pilot-scale experiments were conducted to investigate removal of Cryptosporidium parvum by contact granular filtration. The research demonstrated enhanced removal of Cryptosporidium parvum in the presence of kaolin particles. This is believed to be due electrostatic adhesion of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts to the kaolin clay particles. The elementary physico-chemical interactions between filter granules and suspension particles will be discussed. This innovative concept was successfully implemented to reduce the ripening sequence of subsequent filtration experimental test runs by the addition of large surface area particles to slurry of kaolin and Cryptosporidium parvum in surface water.

Zebra Mussels as Biomonitors for Organic Contaminants in the Lower Great Lakes

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Comba ◽  
Janice L. Metcalfe-Smith ◽  
Klaus L.E. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Zebra Mussels ◽  
Organic Contamination ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
St Lawrence River

Abstract Zebra mussels were collected from 24 sites in Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River between 1990 and 1992. Composite samples of whole mussels (15 sites) or soft tissues (9 sites) were analyzed for residues of organochlo-rine pesticides and PCBs to evaluate zebra mussels as biomonitors for organic contaminants. Mussels from most sites contained measurable quantities of most of the analytes. Mean concentrations were (in ng/g, whole mussel dry weight basis) 154 ΣPCB, 8.4 ΣDDT, 3.5 Σchlordane, 3.4 Σaldrin, 1.4 ΣBHC, 1.0 Σendosulfan, 0.80 mirex and 0.40 Σchlorobenzene. Concentrations varied greatly between sites, i.e., from 22 to 497 ng/g for ΣPCB and from 0.08 to 11.6 ng/g for ΣBHC, an indication that mussels are sensitive to different levels of contamination. Levels of ΣPCB and Σendosulfan were highest in mussels from the St. Lawrence River, whereas mirex was highest in those from Lake Ontario. Overall, mussels from Lake Erie were the least contaminated. These observations agree well with the spatial contaminant trends shown by other biomoni-toring programs. PCB congener class profiles in zebra mussels are also typical for nearby industrial sources, e.g., mussels below an aluminum casting plant contained 55% di-, tri- and tetrachlorobiphenyls versus 31% in those upstream. We propose the use of zebra mussels as biomonitors of organic contamination in the Great Lakes.

Survival of giardia, cryptosporidium, poliovirus and salmonella in marine waters

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Johnson ◽  
C. E. Enriquez ◽  
I. L. Pepper ◽  
T. L. Davis ◽  
C. P. Gerba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Common Method ◽  
Waterborne Pathogens ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Untreated Sewage ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts ◽  
Giardia Muris

Discharge of sewage into the ocean is still a common method of disposal worldwide. Both treated and untreated sewage may contain significant concentrations of waterborne pathogens, such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium, poliovirus and Salmonella. Limited studies exist on the survival of poliovirus and Salmonella in marine waters; however, almost no information exists on the survival of protozoan parasites in marine waters. This study examined the survival of Giardia muris cysts, Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, poliovirus-1 and Salmonella typhimurium in marine waters. The survival of the microorganisms varied according to the presence of light, salinity and water quality (as determined by quantity of enterococci). All microorganisms survived longer in the dark than in sunlight, the order of survival in sunlight being: Cryptosporidium > poliovirus > Giardia > Salmonella.

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