Information-statistical approach to inverse optical problem solution for 3D disperse systems with nano- and micro particles

Multiparameter analysis of simultaneous optical data for 3D disperse systems (consisted from nano- and/or microparticles of different nature) by information-statistical methods can help to estimate the share of different types of particles in mixtures. At the solution of inverse optical problem for unknown poly-component 3D DS, the comparison of measured parameters with the known ones from the set of mono-component 3D DS can help to identify the component content of the system under study. The approach was tested on the biomineral water mixtures of kaolin clay and bacterium coli bacillus with the help of the program based on the information-statistical theory. To solve the impurity optical recognition tasks, the Base of optical data for 3D DS is needed.

Removal of Pb(II) ions using Chitosan oligosaccharide/carboxymethyl cellulose/kaolin clay blend

Heavy metal removal from wastewater has become a major environmental concern around the world. The performance of a chitosan-oligosaccharide-based hybrid (chitosan oligosaccharide (COS)/Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/Kaolin clay (KC) ternary blend material prepared in the presence of Glutaraldehyde (Glu) ternary blend material for the adsorptive removal of lead (Pb) from waterwaste was investigated in this study. The structure of COS with amine and hydroxyl groups helps to remove Pb ions. FTIR and X-Ray diffraction were used to characterize of COS/CMC/KC + Glu blend. The removal of ions was assessed using batch adsorption studies, which varied parameters such as the influence of beginning concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time. The elimination of Pb ions by adsorption was pH-dependent, with a maximum at pH 5. The favorability of the reported experimental values was validated using several theoretical models such as Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudosecond-order best fitted for the adsorption.

Effect of nanotegnogenic high-alumina raw materials on the physical and mechanical parameters and phase composition of acid-resistant materials

The use of nanotechnogenic high-alumina (Al2O3 > 70 %) raw materials of petrochemical production ― the spent IM2201 catalyst in the production of acid-resistant materials based on unenriched kaolin clay makes it possible to obtain products with high physical, mechanical and chemical parameters in the range of firing temperatures of 1250‒1300 o C. Nanotechnogenic raw materials contribute to an increase in surface energy, which is the source of the sintering process. Studies have shown that in compositions based on unenriched kaolin clay and chamotte from it, which do not contain nanotechnogenic high-alumina raw materials, mainly mullite is formed, which mainly forms the operational properties of ceramic products. X-ray diffractometric analysis showed that the introduction of nanotechnogenic high-alumina raw materials into the compositions of ceramic masses contributes to the formation of corundum. IR spectroscopic analysis confirmed the data of X-ray studies. Corundum is characterized by high chemical resistance to acidic and alkaline reagents and gives acid-resistant materials high physical and mechanical properties. Ill. 4. Ref. 33. Tab. 5.

THE EFFECT OF UTILIZING SILICA FUME AND EGGSHELL ASH ON THE GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF SOFT KAOLIN CLAY

The application of chemical stabilizer in soil stabilization can effectively reduce the negative environmental impact in the construction industry. However, the stabilization of soft clay remains a challenge due to the costly and non-eco-friendly materials such as cement and lime. This research demonstrates the combination of SF and ESA in stabilizing the kaolin soils, based on the basic engineering properties and undrained shear strength (USS). Its effect was studied via the inclusion as cement replacement material in kaolin soil at 2, 4 and 6% (by weight of dry soft kaolin clay soil) of SF and ESA substitutions of 3, 6 and 9% (by weight of dry soft kaolin clay and SF content). The result shows a considerably lower specific gravity (4.9% reduction), reduced plasticity index (PI)(48.4% reduction), decreased maximum dry density (MDD) (5.5% reduction), increased optimum moisture content (OMC)(8.7% increment), and higher USS (68.8%). In conclusion, the combinations of SF and ESA as soil stabilization agents successfully enhance the soil strength of the kaolin opening a route to the low cost and eco-friendly materials in soil stabilization.

Investigation of Photon Radiation Attenuation Capability of Different Clay Materials

This work aims to experimentally report the radiation attenuation factors for four different clays (red, ball, kaolin and bentonite clays) at four selected energies (emitted from Am-241, Cs-137, and Co-60). The highest relative difference in the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) is equal to −3.02%, but most of the other results are much smaller than this value, proving that the experimental and theoretical data greatly agree with each other. From the MAC results, the shielding abilities of the clay samples at 0.060 MeV follow the order of: bentonite > red > ball > kaolin. Thus, at low energies, the bentonite clay sample provides the most effective attenuation capability out of the tested clays. The half value layer (HVL) increases as energy increases, which suggests that, only a thin clay sample is needed to sufficiently absorb the radiation at low energies, while at higher energies a thicker sample is needed to shield the same amount of high energy radiated. Furthermore, bentonite clay has the lowest HVL, while the kaolin clay has the greatest HVL at all energies. The radiation protection efficiency (RPE) values at 0.060 MeV are equal to 97.982%, 97.137%, 94.242%, and 93.583% for bentonite clay, red clay, ball clay, and kaolin clay, respectively. This reveals that at this energy, the four clay samples can absorb almost all of the incoming photons, but the bentonite clay has the greatest attenuation capability at this energy, while kaolin clay has the lowest.