Reorganization of horizontal cell processes in the developing FVB/N mouse retina

2001 ◽  
Vol 306 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Jin Park ◽  
In-Beom Kim ◽  
Kyu-Ryong Choi ◽  
Jung-Il Moon ◽  
Su-Ja Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Cell Processes

Reorganization of horizontal cell processes in the developing FVB/N mouse retina

2002 ◽  
Vol 307 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-429
Author(s):  
Sung-Jin Park ◽  
In-Beom Kim ◽  
Kyu-Ryong Choi ◽  
Jung-Il Moon ◽  
Su-Ja Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Cell Processes

scholarly journals Rod and Cone Contributions to Horizontal Cell Light Responses in the Mouse Retina

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (27) ◽  
pp. 6818-6825 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Trumpler ◽  
K. Dedek ◽  
T. Schubert ◽  
L. P. de Sevilla Muller ◽  
M. Seeliger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Light Responses

Horizontal cell density and mosaic regularity in pigmented and albino mouse retina

2002 ◽  
Vol 454 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Raven ◽  
Benjamin E. Reese
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Mouse Retina

scholarly journals COMPLEMENT CONTRIBUTES TO ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE-INDUCED SYNAPSE DECLINE IN THE MURINE RETINA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S967-S967
Author(s):  
Fenge Li ◽  
Danye Jiang ◽  
Melanie Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Complement Component C3 ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Ad Mouse Model

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is among the most debilitating form of cognitive impairment in aged patients. Synapse deficits are thought to be a central trigger of neural miswiring and brain dysfunction in AD. However, the pathways that control synapse connectivity remain largely unknown. The retina is an easily accessible system with two distinct synapse layers and three cellular layers comprised of distinct neural types. In this study, we leveraged this system to assess synapse and cell integrity in the APPNLGF amyloid-beta AD mouse model. We showed that the expression of the complement component C3 is significantly increased in APPNLGF retina synapses, and that there is a significant decline of several synapse-associated markers by RT-PCR. These mice also display disorganized horizontal cell processes and visual function deficits. These results suggest that complement may drive AD-related changes in the synaptic and functional properties of the retina, which could serve as assessable preclinical biomarkers for AD. In ongoing studies, we are testing whether and how complement regulates synapse refinement and shapes retina synapse specificity in AD.

scholarly journals Local signals in mouse horizontal cell dendrites

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille A. Chapot ◽  
Christian Behrens ◽  
Luke E. Rogerson ◽  
Tom Baden ◽  
Sinziana Pop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Gabaergic Interneuron ◽  
List Type ◽  
Cone Photoreceptor ◽  
Cone Photoreceptors ◽  
Temporal Properties

SummaryThe mouse retina contains a single type of horizontal cell, a GABAergic interneuron that samples from all cone photoreceptors within reach and modulates their glutamatergic output via parallel feedback mechanisms. Because horizontal cells form an electrically-coupled network, they have been implicated in global signal processing, such as large scale contrast enhancement. Recently, it has been proposed that horizontal cells can also act locally at the level of individual cone photoreceptors. To test this possibility physiologically, we used two-photon microscopy to record light stimulus-evoked Ca2+signals in cone axon terminals and horizontal cell dendrites as well as glutamate release in the outer plexiform layer. By selectively stimulating the two mouse cone opsins with green and UV light, we assessed whether signals from individual cones remain “isolated” within horizontal cell dendritic tips, or whether they spread across the dendritic arbour. Consistent with the mouse‘s opsin expression gradient, we found that the Ca2+signals recorded from dendrites of dorsal horizontal cells were dominated by M- and those of ventral horizontal cells by S-opsin activation. The signals measured in neighbouring horizontal cell dendritic tips varied markedly in their chromatic preference, arguing against global processing. Rather, our experimental data and results from biophysically realistic modelling support the idea that horizontal cells can process cone input locally, extending the “classical” view of horizontal cells function. Pharmacologically removing horizontal cells from the circuitry reduced the sensitivity of the cone signal to low frequencies, suggesting that local horizontal cell feedback shapes the temporal properties of cone output.HighlightsLight-evoked Ca2+signals in horizontal cell dendrites reflect opsin gradientChromatic preferences in neighbouring dendritic tips vary markedlyMouse horizontal cells process cone photoreceptor input locallyLocal horizontal cell feedback shapes the temporal properties of cone outputeTOC BlurbChapot et al. show that local light responses in mouse horizontal cell dendrites inherit properties, including chromatic preference, from the presynaptic cone photoreceptor, suggesting that their dendrites can provide “private” feedback to cones, for instance, to shape the temporal filtering properties of the cone synapse.

Distributions of aspartate aminotransferase and malate dehydrogenase activities in rat retinal layers.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 624-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
C D Ross ◽  
D A Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Malate Aspartate Shuttle

Aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), an enzyme interconverting glutamate and aspartate, has been suggested to be a marker for glutamatergic and/or aspartatergic neurons. However, AAT, glutamate, and aspartate are also involved in cellular metabolism, e.g., the malate-aspartate shuttle. To investigate the extent to which AAT might be involved in these several functions in retina, the distribution of AAT activity in rat retinal layers was compared to that of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), an enzyme of aerobic metabolism proposed to be physically complexed with AAT in the malate-aspartate shuttle mechanism. The distribution of AAT activity in retinal layers closely paralleled that of MDH (correlation coefficient AAT versus MDH = 0.93). AAT activity was proportionately higher than MDH in the photoreceptor inner segments, containing a high density of mitochondria, and in the outer plexiform layer (OPL), containing photoreceptor terminals and bipolar and horizontal cell processes. The amount of total AAT activity in the inner segments related to the mitochondrial isoenzyme is almost twice that in the other layers tested, including the OPL. The correlation between AAT and MDH activities is consistent with AAT involvement in retinal energy metabolism, although other functions, such as neurotransmission, are possible.

Electrophysiological Properties of Mouse Horizontal Cell GABAA Receptors

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 2789-2801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Feigenspan ◽  
Reto Weiler
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Hill Coefficient ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Open Probability ◽  
Steady State Current ◽  
Single Channel Currents

GABA-induced currents have been characterized in isolated horizontal cells from lower vertebrates but not in mammalian horizontal cells. Therefore horizontal cells were isolated after enzymatical and mechanical dissociation of the adult mouse retina and visually identified. We recorded from horizontal cell bodies using the whole cell and outside-out configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Extracellular application of GABA induced inward currents carried by chloride ions. GABA-evoked currents were completely and reversibly blocked by the competitive GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline (IC50 = 1.7 μM), indicating expression of GABAA but not GABAC receptors. Their affinity for GABA was moderate (EC50 = 30 μM), and the Hill coefficient was 1.3, corresponding to two GABA binding sites. GABA responses were partially reduced by picrotoxin with differential effects on peak and steady-state current values. Zinc blocked the GABA response with an IC50 value of 7.3 μM in a noncompetitive manner. Furthermore, GABA receptors of horizontal cells were modulated by extracellular application of diazepam, zolpidem, methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-β-carboxylate, pentobarbital, and alphaxalone, thus showing typical pharmacological properties of CNS GABAA receptors. GABA-evoked single-channel currents were characterized by a main conductance state of 29.8 pS and two subconductance states (20.2 and 10.8 pS, respectively). Kinetic analysis of single-channel events within bursts revealed similar mean open and closed times for the main conductance and the 20.2-pS subconductance state, resulting in open probabilities of 44.6 and 42.7%, respectively. The ratio of open to closed times, however, was significantly different for the 10.8-pS subconductance state with an open probability of 57.2%.

scholarly journals Differential Regulation of Cone Calcium Signals by Different Horizontal Cell Feedback Mechanisms in the Mouse Retina

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (35) ◽  
pp. 11826-11843 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kemmler ◽  
K. Schultz ◽  
K. Dedek ◽  
T. Euler ◽  
T. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Calcium Signals ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms

Horizontal cell processes in teleost retina

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Parthe
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Teleost Retina ◽  
Cell Processes
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