Deformation and kinematic evolution of the subsurface structures: Zagros foreland fold-and-thrust belt, northern Dezful Embayment, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 1287-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Sarkarinejad ◽  
Raana Razavi Pash ◽  
Hossein Motamedi ◽  
Mohammad Yazdani
Keyword(s):  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Dezful Embayment ◽  
Subsurface Structures ◽  
Kinematic Evolution ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt

Structure of the Gare Kakheti foothills using seismic reflection profiles: implications for kinematic evolution of the Georgian part of Kura foreland fold-and-thrust belt

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Razmadze
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Fault Propagation ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Growth Strata ◽  
Kinematic Evolution ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt

<p>Gare Kakheti foothills are located between Lesser Caucasus and Kakheti Ridge and are mainly represented by the series of NEN dipping thrust faults, most of which are associated with fault‐related folds. Gare Kakheti foothills as a part of the Kura foreland fold-and-thrust belt developed formerly as a foreland basin (Oligocene-Lower Miocene) (e.g. Alania et al., 2017). Neogene shallow marine and continental sediments in the Gare Kakheti foothills keep the record on the stratigraphy and structural evolution of the study area during the compressive deformation. Interpreted seismic profiles and structural cross-sections across the Udabno, Tsitsmatiani, and Berebisseri synclines show that they are thrust-top basins. Seismic reflection data reveal the presence of growth fault-propagation folds and some structural wedges (or duplex). The evolution of the Udabno, Tsitsmatiani, and Berebisseri basins is compared with simple models of thrust-top basins whose development is controlled by the kinematics of competing for growth anticlines. Growth anticlines are mainly represented by fault-propagation folds. The geometry of growth strata in associated footwall synclines and the sedimentary infill of thrust-top basins provide information on the thrusting activity in terms of location, geometry, and age.<br>This work was supported by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation (SRNSF - #PHDF-19-268).</p><p> </p>

Kinematic evolution of the Patagonian retroarc fold-and-thrust belt and Magallanes foreland basin, Chile and Argentina, 51 30'S

2011 ◽  
Vol 123 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1679-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Fosdick ◽  
B. W. Romans ◽  
A. Fildani ◽  
A. Bernhardt ◽  
M. Calderon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Kinematic Evolution ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt

Seismicity and the State of Stress in the Dezful Embayment, Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Yaghoubi ◽  
SeyedBijan Mahbaz ◽  
Maurice Dusseault ◽  
Yuri Leonenko
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Dezful Embayment ◽  
State Of Stress ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt

scholarly journals Structure of the south-central Taiwan fold-and-thrust belt

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Brown ◽  
Joaquina Alvarez-Marron ◽  
Hao Kuo-Chen ◽  
Yih-Min Wu ◽  
Giovanni Camanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Shear Strain Rate ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
The South ◽  
Kinematic Evolution ◽  
South Central ◽  
Shelf Slope ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
High Topography

<p>Studies of mountain belts worldwide have shown that the structural, mechanical, and kinematic evolution of their foreland fold-and-thrust belts are strongly influenced by the structure of the continental margins that are involved in the deformation. The area on and around the island of Taiwan provides an unparalleled opportunity to investigate this because the entire profile of the SE margin of the Eurasian plate, from the shelf in the north to the slope and continent-ocean transition in the south and the offshore, is currently involved in a collision with the Luzon arc on the Philippine Sea plate. Taiwan can, then, provide key insights into how such features as rift basins on the shelf, the extensional faults that form the shelf-slope break in the basement, or the structure of the extended crust and morphology of the sedimentary carapace of the slope can be directly reflected in the structural architecture, the location and pattern of seismicity, topography, and the contemporaneous stress and strain fields of a fold-and-thrust belt. For example, east-northeast striking faults that have been mapped on the necking zone of the Eurasian margin can be traced into the island of Taiwan where they are causing important along-strike changes in various aspects of the structural, mechanical, kinematic, and morphological behavior of the fold-and-thrust belt. In particular, across the upper part of the necking zone there is an abrupt north-south change in structure, an increase in the amount of seismicity, an increase in topography, a rotation of the direction of maximum compressive horizontal stress, of the GPS displacement vectors, the compressional strain rate, and the maximum shear strain rate. These changes are interpreted to be caused by east-northeast striking, dextral strike-slip faulting in the basement that is taking place as a result of the reactivation of pre-existing faults along the upper part of the necking zone. The abrupt southeastward increase in topography across the upper part of the necking zone is the surface expression of the basal thrust of the fold-and-thrust belt ramping down into the basement, with maximum elevations reached in the basement-involved thrust sheets, suggesting a causal link between basement involvement in the thrusting and high topography. On the shelf, the roughly northeast-oriented Hsuehshan Trough is inverting along almost north-south striking basin bounding faults that penetrate into the middle crust and have well-clustered, deep seismicity. There are no substantial differences in the contemporaneous stress and strain field. There is, however, a clear relationship between basement involvement in the thrusting and the development of high topography in the Hsuehshan Range. Only the upper part of the slope is involved in the fold-and-thrust belt in southernmost Taiwan. In this area, there is a reduction of the amount of seismicity and lower topography. The largest part of the corresponding thrust wedge developed in the lower slope is offshore. This work is funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades grant PGC2018-094227-B-I00.</p>

Deformation of the western flank of the Andes at ~20–22°S: a contribution to the quantification of crustal shortening

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Habel ◽  
Robin Lacassin ◽  
Martine Simoes ◽  
Daniel Carrizo ◽  
German Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crustal Thickening ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Mountain Building ◽  
Common View ◽  
Western Margin ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Kinematic Evolution ◽  
Western Flank ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images

<p>The Andes are the case example of an active Cordilleran-type orogen. It is generally admitted that, in the Bolivian Orocline (Central Andes at ~20°S), mountain-building started ~50–60 Myr ago, close to the subduction margin, and then propagated eastward. Though suggested by some early geological cross-sections, the structures sustaining the uplift of the western flank of the Altiplano have often been dismissed, and the most common view theorizes that the Andes grow only by east-vergent deformation along its eastern margin. However, recent studies emphasize the significant contribution of the West Andean front to mountain-building and crustal thickening, in particular at the latitude of Santiago de Chile (~33.5°S), and question the contribution of similar structures elsewhere along the Andes.  Here, we focus on the western margin of the Altiplano at 20–22°S, in the Atacama desert of northern Chile. We present our results on the structure and kinematic evolution on two sites where the structures are well exposed. We combine mapping from high-resolution satellite images with field observations and numerical trishear forward modeling to provide quantitative constraints on the kinematic evolution of the western front of the Andes. Our results confirm two main structures: (1) a major west-vergent thrust placing Andean Paleozoic basement over Mesozoic strata, and (2) a west-vergent fold-and-thrust-belt deforming primarily Mesozoic units. Once restored, we estimate that both structures accommodate together at least ~6–9 km of shortening across the sole ~7–17 km-wide outcropping fold-and-thrust-belt. Further west, structures of this fold-and-thrust-belt are unconformably buried under much less deformed Cenozoic units, as revealed from seismic profiles. By comparing the scale of these buried structures to those investigated previously, we propose that the whole fold-and-thrust-belt has most probably absorbed at least ~15–20 km of shortening. The timing of the recorded main deformation can be bracketed sometime between ~68 and ~29 Ma – and possibly between ~68 and ~44 Ma – from dated deformed geological layers, with a subsequent significant slowing-down of shortening rates. This is in good agreement with preliminary modeling of apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He dates suggesting that basement exhumation by thrusting started by ~70–60 Ma, slowed down by ~50–40 Ma, and tended to cease by ~30–20 Ma. Minor shortening affecting the mid-late Cenozoic deposits indicates that deformation continued after ~29 Ma along the western Andean fold-and-thrust-belt, but remained limited compared to the more intense deformation that occured during the Paleogene. Altogether, the data presented here will provide a quantitative evaluation of the contribution of the western margin of the Altiplano plateau to mountain-building at this latitude, in particular at its earliest stages.</p>

Tectonic constraints for hydrocarbon targets in the Dezful Embayment, Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt, SW Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 1220-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ghanadian ◽  
Ali Faghih ◽  
Iraj Abdollahie Fard ◽  
Bernhard Grasemann ◽  
Bahman Soleimany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Dezful Embayment ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Sw Iran

Thrust tectonics on Brøggerhalvøya and their relationship to the Tertiary West Spitsbergen Fold-and-Thrust Belt

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SAALMANN ◽  
F. THIEDIG
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Fold Belt ◽  
Kinematic Evolution ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Thrust Tectonics ◽  
Tectonic Transport ◽  
Thrust Sheets ◽  
West Spitsbergen

The Tertiary fold-and-thrust belt on Brøggerhalvøya is characterized by a NE-vergent pile of nine thrust sheets. The sole thrust of the pile is located in Precambrian phyllites and climbs up-section to the northeast. Four lower thrust sheets consisting predominantly of Upper Palaeozoic sediments are overlain by two thrust sheets in the central part of the stack which contain a kilometre-scale syncline and anticline. The fold is cut by juxtaposed thrusts giving rise to the formation of three structurally higher basement-dominated thrust sheets. A multiple-stage kinematic model is proposed including (1) in-sequence foreland-propagating formation of the lower thrust sheets in response to N–S subhorizontal bedding-parallel movements, (2) a change in tectonic transport to ENE and out-of-sequence thrusting and formation of the kilometre-scale fold-structure followed by (3) truncation of the kilometre-scale fold and stacking of the highest basement-dominated thrust sheets by hind-ward-propagating out-of-sequence thrusting. The strain of the thrust sheets is predominantly compressive with the exception of the structurally highest thrust sheets, reflecting a temporal change to a more transpressive regime. Thrusting was followed by (4) N–S extension and (5) W–E extension. Comparison of the structural geometry and kinematic evolution of Brøggerhalvøya with the data reported for the fold belt further south allows us to assume a coeval evolution with the fold belt. A latest Paleocene/Early Eocene age for the main phase of thrusting is suggested for the West Spitsbergen Fold-and-Thrust Belt; the main phases therefore pre-date the separation of Svalbard and Greenland due to right-lateral movements along the Hornsund Fault Zone. The fold belt's temporal evolution followed by the formation of the Forlandsundet Graben can be linked with the plate-kinematic framework in the span between latest Paleocene and Middle Eocene times.

HYDROCARBON MIGRATION AND CHARGE HISTORY IN THE KARANJ, PARANJ AND PARSI OILFIELDS, SOUTHERN DEZFUL EMBAYMENT, ZAGROS FOLD‐AND‐THRUST BELT, SW IRAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-357
Author(s):  
M. Vatandoust ◽  
A. Faghih ◽  
S. Asadi ◽  
A. M. Azimzadeh ◽  
B. Soleimany
Keyword(s):  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Hydrocarbon Migration ◽  
Dezful Embayment ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Sw Iran
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