scholarly journals Voltammetric study of cefotaxime at the macroscopic and miniaturized interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Rudnicki ◽  
Karolina Sobczak ◽  
Magdalena Kaliszczak ◽  
Karolina Sipa ◽  
Emilia Powałka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Reaction ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Log P ◽  
Ion Transfer ◽  
Free Gibbs Energy ◽  
Alternating Current Voltammetry ◽  
Micromolar Range

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of cefotaxime (CTX+) was investigated at the polarized macro- and micro-interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) by cyclic voltammetry and alternating current voltammetry. Miniaturization was achieved with fused silica microcapillary tubing entrapped in a polymeric casing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed for the fabricated LLI support characterization. Voltammetric investigation of CTX+ at macro- and μ-ITIES allowed the determination of many physicochemical parameters, such as formal Galvani potential of the ion transfer reaction ($${\Delta }_{org}^{aq}{\varPhi}^{\prime }$$ Δ org aq Φ ′ ), diffusion coefficients (D), formal free Gibbs energy of the ion transfer reaction (∆G′aq → org), and water-1,2-dichloroethane partition coefficient ($${\log}{P}_{water/ DCE}^{CTX+}$$ log P w a t e r / D C E C T X + ). Additionally, based on the results obtained the analytical parameters including voltammetric sensitivity, limits of detection and the limits of quantification (in micromolar range) were calculated. The applicability of the developed procedures was verified in spiked still mineral and tap water samples. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Simple Ion Transfer at Liquid|Liquid Interfaces

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Sanchez Vallejo ◽  
J. M. Ovejero ◽  
R. A. Fernández ◽  
S. A. Dassie
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Ion Transfer ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Charge Transfer Reactions

The main aspects related to the charge transfer reactions occurring at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) are described. The particular topics to be discussed involve simple ion transfer. Focus is given on theoretical approaches, numerical simulations, and experimental methodologies. Concerning the theoretical procedures, different computational simulations related to simple ion transfer are reviewed. The main conclusions drawn from the most accepted models are described and analyzed in regard to their relevance for explaining different aspects of ion transfer. We describe numerical simulations implementing different approaches for solving the differential equations associated with the mass transport and charge transfer. These numerical simulations are correlated with selected experimental results; their usefulness in designing new experiments is summarized. Finally, many practical applications can be envisaged regarding the determination of physicochemical properties, electroanalysis, drug lipophilicity, and phase-transfer catalysis.

Determination of rate constants of ion transfer kinetics across immiscible electrolyte solutions

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A Manzanares ◽  
Riikka Lahtinen ◽  
Bernie Quinn ◽  
Kyösti Kontturi ◽  
David J Schiffrin
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Ion Transfer

scholarly journals Kinetic properties of sodium-ion transfer at the interface between graphitic materials and organic electrolyte solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Kondo ◽  
Tomokazu Fukutsuka ◽  
Yuko Yokoyama ◽  
Yuto Miyahara ◽  
Kohei Miyazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Transfer Reaction ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Frequency Region ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Organic Electrolyte ◽  
Charge Transfer Reaction ◽  
Ion Transfer

AbstractGraphitic materials cannot be applied for the negative electrode of sodium-ion battery because the reversible capacities of graphite are anomalously small. To promote electrochemical sodium-ion intercalation into graphitic materials, the interfacial sodium-ion transfer reaction at the interface between graphitized carbon nanosphere (GCNS) electrode and organic electrolyte solutions was investigated. The interfacial lithium-ion transfer reaction was also evaluated for the comparison to the sodium-ion transfer. From the cyclic voltammograms, both lithium-ion and sodium-ion can reversibly intercalate into/from GCNS in all of the electrolytes used here. In the Nyquist plots, the semi-circles at the high frequency region derived from the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) resistance and the semi-circles at the middle frequency region owing to the charge-transfer resistance appeared. The activation energies of both lithium-ion and sodium-ion transfer resistances were measured. The values of activation energies of the interfacial lithium-ion transfer suggested that the interfacial lithium-ion transfer was influenced by the interaction between lithium-ion and solvents, anions or SEI. The activation energies of the interfacial sodium-ion transfer were larger than the expected values of interfacial sodium-ion transfer based on the week Lewis acidity of sodium-ion. In addition, the activation energies of interfacial sodium-ion transfer in dilute FEC-based electrolytes were smaller than those in concentrated electrolytes. The activation energies of the interfacial lithium/sodium-ion transfer of CNS-1100 in FEC-based electrolyte solutions were almost the same as those of CNS-2900, indicating that the mechanism of interfacial charge-transfer reaction seemed to be the same for highly graphitized materials and low-graphitized materials each other. Graphic abstract

Lithium-Ion Transfer Reaction at the Interface between Partially Fluorinated Insertion Electrodes and Electrolyte Solutions

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (26) ◽  
pp. 12990-12994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyoki Okumura ◽  
Tomokazu Fukutsuka ◽  
Keisuke Matsumoto ◽  
Yuki Orikasa ◽  
Hajime Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Reaction ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Ion Transfer ◽  
Insertion Electrodes

scholarly journals Lipophilicity determination of acidic compounds: MEEKC as a reliable high-throughput methodology

ADMET & DMPK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Subirats ◽  
Lidia Redón ◽  
Martí Rosés
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Log P ◽  
Fused Silica Capillaries ◽  
Silica Capillaries ◽  
Reversed Polarity ◽  
Acidic Compounds ◽  
Simple Linear Equation ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

In the present study a pressure-assisted MEEKC method with reversed-polarity using a conventional CE instrument with UV detection and uncoated fused silica capillaries is validated as a high-throughput methodology for the lipophilicity determination of the neutral species of acidic compounds (pK<sub>a</sub> &gt; 3.5). After the calibration of the system with four standard compounds of known log P<sub>o/w</sub>, mass distribution ratios (log k<sub>MEEKC</sub>) of new molecules can be directly converted into log P<sub>o/w</sub> values by means of a simple linear equation (log P<sub>o/w</sub>=a·log k<sub>MEEKC</sub>+b). The method was internally and externally validated for a log P<sub>o/w</sub> range between -1.54 and 4.75, with higher accuracies than conventional liquid chromatographic methods.

scholarly journals Determination of essential and non-essential element contents of drinking water and baby water for infant’s nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Funda Demir ◽  
Meral Yildirim Ozen ◽  
Emek Moroydor Derun
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Element Contents

Abstract In this study, essential (Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Zn), and non-essential (Al, Ni, Pb) element contents of the drinking and baby water samples which are sold in the local market and tap water samples in Istanbul were examined. It was determined that elements of Cr, Cu, Fe, P, Zn, Al, and Ni were below detection limits in all water samples. Among the non-essential elements analyzed in water samples, Pb was the only detected element. At the same time, the percentages that meet the daily element requirements of infants were also calculated. As a result of the evaluations made, there is no significant difference in infant nutrition between baby waters and other drinking waters in terms of the element content.

Determination of Krafft point and CMC of hexadecylpyridinium salts in electrolyte solutions

1987 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Heckmann ◽  
Reinhard Schwarz ◽  
Jiri Strnad
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Krafft Point
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