The severe zonda wind event of 11 July 2006 east of the Andes Cordillera (Argentine): a case study using the BRAMS model

Individual entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship may be more common both in daily life and in the research literature, but community- based entrepreneurship also plays an important role in economic development. We present a case study of community entrepreneurship in a rural area of the Andes, where the community of Chijnaya operates a successful cheese production business. Buying milk from its farmer members in the community, the business produces cheeses that are sold in regional urban markets and beyond. This account draws on decades of ethnographic research and collaboration with the community. Here, we discuss the history of the community in general and of the cheese enterprise in particular. The organizational structure of the business is outlined along with a description of the production processes. We end with an analysis of problems faced by the community in moving the enterprise forward toward a more profitable future and a discussion of the relevance of this case to entrepreneurship studies.

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Case Study of a Barrier Wind Corner Jet off the Coast of the Prince Olav Mountains, Antarctica

Monthly Weather Review ◽

10.1175/mwr-d-11-00261.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 140 (7) ◽

pp. 2044-2063 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Melissa A. Nigro ◽

John J. Cassano ◽

Matthew A. Lazzara ◽

Linda M. Keller

Keyword(s):

Strong Wind ◽

Ice Shelf ◽

Maximum Wind ◽

Ross Ice Shelf ◽

Wind Speeds ◽

Wind Event ◽

Transantarctic Mountains ◽

Upper Level ◽

Forcing Mechanisms

Abstract The Ross Ice Shelf airstream (RAS) is a barrier parallel flow along the base of the Transantarctic Mountains. Previous research has hypothesized that a combination of katabatic flow, barrier winds, and mesoscale and synoptic-scale cyclones drive the RAS. Within the RAS, an area of maximum wind speed is located to the northwest of the protruding Prince Olav Mountains. In this region, the Sabrina automatic weather station (AWS) observed a September 2009 high wind event with wind speeds in excess of 20 m s−1 for nearly 35 h. The following case study uses in situ AWS observations and output from the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System to demonstrate that the strong wind speeds during this event were caused by a combination of various forcing mechanisms, including katabatic winds, barrier winds, a surface mesocyclone over the Ross Ice Shelf, an upper-level ridge over the southern tip of the Ross Ice Shelf, and topographic influences from the Prince Olav Mountains. These forcing mechanisms induced a barrier wind corner jet to the northwest of the Prince Olav Mountains, explaining the maximum wind speeds observed in this region. The RAS wind speeds were strong enough to induce two additional barrier wind corner jets to the northwest of the Prince Olav Mountains, resulting in a triple barrier wind corner jet along the base of the Transantarctic Mountains.

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The Andes Cordillera. Part III: glacier surface mass balance and contribution to sea level rise (1979-2014)

International Journal of Climatology ◽

10.1002/joc.4907 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 3154-3174 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Sebastian H. Mernild ◽

Glen E. Liston ◽

Christopher Hiemstra ◽

Ryan Wilson

Keyword(s):

Mass Balance ◽

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

Surface Mass Balance ◽

Glacier Surface ◽

Surface Mass ◽

The Andes ◽

Andes Cordillera

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The Andes Cordillera. Part IV: spatio-temporal freshwater run-off distribution to adjacent seas (1979-2014)

International Journal of Climatology ◽

10.1002/joc.4922 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 3175-3196 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sebastian H. Mernild ◽

Glen E. Liston ◽

Christopher Hiemstra ◽

Andrew P. Beckerman ◽

Jacob C. Yde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Andes ◽

Run Off ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Andes Cordillera

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Four years of atmospheric mercury records in Northwestern Patagonia (Argentina): potential sources, concentration patterns and influence of environmental variables observed at the GMOS EMMA station

10.5194/acp-2016-1076 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria C. Diéguez ◽

Patricia E. Garcia ◽

Mariantonia Bencardino ◽

Francesco D'Amore ◽

Jessica Castagna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Global Scale ◽

Atmospheric Mercury ◽

Observation System ◽

Monitoring Site ◽

Night Time ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Andes ◽

Southern Volcanic Zone ◽

Andes Cordillera ◽

Active Volcanoes

Abstract. The Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project, has developed a global-scale network of ground-based atmospheric monitoring sites, expanding the coverage of atmospheric mercury (Hg) measurements worldwide and improving the understanding of global atmospheric Hg transport and deposition, particularly in regions of the South Hemisphere where atmospheric Hg observational data is limited. This work provides the first continuous records of gaseous elemental Hg (GEM) concentrations observed from October 2012 to May 2016 in Northwestern Patagonia (Argentina) at the GMOS EMMA monitoring station (41°7'43.82" S, 71°25'11.89" W, 803 m a.s.l). The monitoring site is located inside Nahuel Huapi National Park, a natural reserve in the Lake District of Andean Patagonia. The area is within the Southern Volcanic Zone, influenced by several active volcanoes aligned in the Andes cordillera. During the studied period, GEM concentrations ranged between 0.23 and 1.43 ng m−3, with an annual mean of 0.9 ± 0.15 ng m−3. GEM records at EMMA station resemble background concentrations measured in Antarctica and other remote locations of the Southern Hemisphere. GEM concentrations showed seasonal variation with mean values higher during spring (0.93 ± 0.13 ng m−3) and winter (0.92 ± 0.10 ng m−3) followed by summer (0.86 ± 0.15 ng m−3) and at last by autumn (0.81 ± 0.15 ng m−3). Further, a clear daily pattern was observed, with higher GEM levels during day-time than at night-time across all seasons. Multivariate analyses showed that GEM levels are chiefly determined by meteorological parameters, and, in particular by the westerly winds which represented the most influential variable on GEM records. In order to investigate the potential impact of natural and/or anthropogenic emission sources as well as the role played by the long-range transport on GEM levels, analyses of HYSPLIT backward trajectories (BWT) were carried out for different periods characterized by low and high GEM concentrations. The BWT analysis highlighted the influence of clean oceanic air masses and also of the local and regional active volcanoes in the Andes cordillera.

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