The Iraqi city of Mosul occupied a clear geographical and historical importance for a large number of geographers and historians due to its geographical and historical importance, and because of the important historical events that its lands witnessed that changed the political map of several countries Geographers were interested in studying the geography of Mosul, and most of them made it within the geography of the Euphrates island, and this, of course, is due to the nature of the ruling political forces at that time, especially mentioning in successive Islamic eras, as well as the administrative subordination of the ruling Islamic states or emirates at that time. The research addressed the views of an important number of geographers about the city of Mosul, especially those who lived through the Abbasid era and its various stages, in terms of name and location, and the most important geographical and climatic features of this city, as well as the nature of its inhabitants, their buildings, and the nature of their land, and referred to the goods and imports that it was famous for. Naturalization made it self-sufficient, as well as the most important villages and cities near it, which are within its borders. Key words: City, Palm, Basra, Institutions, Country.
Continuously amplified warming in the Alaskan Arctic: Implications for estimating global warming hiatus
