Highways Design Taking into Account Climatic Features in the Route Area

Постановка задачи. Для получения оптимальных проектных решений, удовлетворяющих условиям безопасности движения в сложных погодных условиях, необходимо сравнение вариантов автомобильных дорог по условиям снегонезаносимости. Такие расчеты должны стать составной частью системы автоматизированного проектирования САПР-АД. Результаты. Предложен системный поход к решению задачи, определен перечень информации, необходимой для проведения расчетов. Выполнен анализ результатов исследований по снегозаносимости дорог, проводимых в России и за рубежом. Предложены расчетные схемы и модели для оценки вариантов продольного профиля и земляного полотна автомобильной дороги по снегозаносимости. Предложены решения для оценки вариантов плана трассы с использованием карт с расчетными параметрами метелей. Выводы. Реализация предложенной методики проведения расчетов позволит на стадии проектирования оценить варианты автомобильной дороги по условиям снегозаносимости. Statement of the problem. In order to obtain optimal design solutions that meet the conditions of safety traffic in difficult weather conditions, it is necessary to compare the options of highways according to the snow tolerance conditions. Such calculations should become an integral part of the CAD-AD computer-aided design system. Results. A systematic approach to solving the problem is set forth, a list of information necessary for calculations is identified. The results analysis of studies on the snow-bearing capacity of roads conducted in Russia and abroad is carried out. Calculation schemes and models are suggested to evaluate options for the longitudinal profile and the roadbed for the snow-bearing capacity. Solutions for evaluating variants of the route plan using maps with calculated parameters of snowstorms are proposed. Conclusions. The implementation of the proposed calculation methodology will make it possible at the design stage to evaluate the options of the highway according to the conditions of the snow-bearing capacity.

ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF THE ARCHITECTURAL ORGANIZATION OF REHABILITATION CENTERS FOR MILITARY SERVICES

The article discusses the features of the architectural organization of rehabilitation centers in America. The article is aimed at searching for individual design solutions for rehabilitation centers, revealing regional and climatic features that correspond to modern programs, reflect the latest trends in the design of medical facilities

Basic principles of the TEVY index for the quantification of temperature variability within a year

In the context of climate change, there is a need for the determination of appropriate indexes for the quantification of temperature variability. A new index (TEVY index) is proposed in this work. This index uses the deviation of the observed temperature values from those estimated from a Fourier harmonic analysis. For this purpose, a nearly 50-year time series data from 4 stations in Greece, with very different climatic conditions, are used. One station is located in the colder northern region of Greece, another one is in the warmest southern part, while the 2 other stations are representative of continental and Mediterranean climatic features. A Fourier harmonic analysis is carried out to obtain the Fourier series which simulates the observed data time series. Fourier harmonic analysis, which is relied on the Fourier transform, is a well-established method for time series analysis, particularly for modelling periodic data. Using this procedure, an index of temperature variability is proposed, as the sum of the divergence of the above-mentioned Fourier series from the observed data. The index results are analysed as a function of the different climatic features of each station.

Landscape-climatic features of the reforestation dynamics pyrogenically transformed geosystems of the Tunkinskaya depression

In order to identify the features of the dynamics of the soil temperature regime during the post-fire restoration of the subtaiga light-coniferous geosystems of the Tunkinskaya depression, a study of the demutation processes in the pine forests of the Badar urochishche was conducted. Our research is based on the data of observations initiated after the fire that took place in 2010. The model key areas were selected at intact landscape complexes that did not experience pyrogenic influence, as well as the territory subjected to forest fires. Comparing the dominant composition of secondary succession biocenoses with natural plant communities in the background key area, indicators of the prospects for successful reforestation were identified. The analysis of 10-year data on the observation of the soil temperature regime from the surface to a depth of 3.2 m was carried out at the selected sites. The differences between the soil temperatures in the disturbed and natural sites, which vary during a year were revealed. During the observation period, a decrease in microclimatic differences was observed with the regeneration of vegetation cover, which indicates the restoration of the temperature regime in the pyrogenic-disturbed area.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF WATER BALANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WATER RUNOFF AND NANOSE IN THE PARANA DELTA

The current values of the components of the water balance of the Parana Delta, one of the largest deltas of South America, as well as the results of calculations of the actual distribution and redistribution of water runoff and sediment yield in the delta branches are presented. The climatic features of the delta's water balance are revealed. Long-term changes in the water flow distribution in the delta branches are considered and estimates of the dynamics of delta estuarine line are given.

Weathering on volcanic edifices under semi-arid climates. Insights from a regional assessment of the composition of Fogo Island regoliths (Cape Verde)

In this study, the geochemistry and mineralogy of regoliths formed on Fogo Island (Cape Verde), a polygenic stratovolcano built during the Quaternary, are used to assess the geomorphological factors that control the early stages of basalt weathering. Fogo Island soils are mainly derived from relatively homogenous silica-undersaturated basaltic rocks. However, a discernible exotic component is recognised in areas most exposed to prevailing winds by ratios on non-mobile elements that are hosted in different amounts by basaltic rocks (e.g., Th, Sc and Ti). Weathering extent is evidenced by a relative depletion in mobile elements (e.g., Na, Ca, Mg) and an enrichment in non-mobile elements (e.g., Ti, Fe, Sc, Al), the decomposition of the most labile minerals (olivines), and the enrichment in secondary components (phyllosilicates and some Fe-oxides, such as hematite-goethite), along with quartz supplied from non-volcanic areas. It depends on bedrock age and type (pyroclastic deposits vs. lava-flows). In particular, soils covering older volcanic units tend to be more affected by chemical alteration than those overlying younger units. In addition, more intense weathering is observed in locations characterised by a combination of moderate elevation, slopes with low gradient and relatively high rainfall. The present investigation shows that even in low humidity environments recently formed basalt are affected by weathering, with the extent of chemical decomposition being mainly determined by the age of surface exposure and local orographic/climatic features.

The Impact of Systems of Automatic Photo and Video Recording of Road Traffic Offenses on Lowering the Accident Incidence Rate

The paper examines the features of the use of automatic control of offenses in the field of road traffic, taking into account the territorial and climatic features of the Khabarovsk region, their impact on road safety. The author analyzes the main problems, as well as offers solutions for better and more objective recording of traffic flow and accident prevention. The novelty of the research consists in a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and legal aspects of the fundamental ideas of road safety.

SOME SOIL AND AGRO-CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN (RUSSIA)

В работе приводится сравнительный почвенно-агроклиматический анализ двух природно-климатических зон Республики Башкортостан – Северной лесостепной и Зауральской степной. Показано, что их характеристики значительно различаются как по характеру почвенного покрова, так и по климатическим условиям. Для рентабельного ведения сельского хозяйства в рамках стабильного получения высоких урожаев растениеводства необходимо в Северной лесостепной зоне проведение осушительной мелиорации на пойменных почвах, а в пределах Зауральской степной на агрочерноземах – оросительной.

Climatic features of the 2020/2021 winter season and the air temperature and precipitation outlook for the summer of 2021 over Northern Eurasia

Climatic features of the 2020/2021 winter season and the air temperature and precipitation outlook for the summer of 2021 over Northern Eurasia / Khan V.M., Vilfand R.M., Emelina E.V., Kaverina E.S., Kulikova I.A., Sumerova K.A., Tischenko V.A. // Hydrometeorological Research and Forecasting, 2021, no. 2 (380), pp. 6-19. The main features of the Northern Hemisphere large-scale atmospheric circulation are analyzed for the past 2020/2021 winter. The accuracy of consensus forecasts of air temperature and precipitation compiled during the work of the 19th session of the North Eurasian Climate Outlook Forum (NEACOF-19) is presented, with the skill scores of consensus forecasts for Northern Eurasia. The main features of the thermal state of the ocean and large-scale atmospheric circulation for the coming summer of 2021 are considered and analyzed. A forecast of surface air temperature and precipitation anomalies for the summer of 2021 agreed with the NEACOF-20 experts is formulated. Keywords: North Eurasian Climate Outlook Forum, North Eurasian Climate Center, consensus forecast, air temperature, precipitation, large-scale atmospheric circulation, hydrodynamic models, sea surface temperature

Social protection management system in the Altai Republic

The article actualizes the issue of studying the experience of forming an effective management system of social protection of the population of the region. The paper considers the main socio-geographical, natural and climatic features of the region, ethno-cultural features that determine the formation of an effective social protection management system of the republic. The author notes that the underestimation of these features of the formation of the social protection management system in the Altai Republic significantly reduces its effectiveness. The study considers the structural divisions of the Ministry of Labor, Social Development and Employment of the Population of the Altai Republic and subordinate institutions. As a result of the analysis of Internet resources as well as theoretical analysis of the reports of the Ministry of Labor, Social Development and Employment of the Altai Republic, problematic areas of the functioning of the social protection management system of the republic were identified.