The City of Mosul in the works of geographers (4-7 AH / 10-13 AD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 24-46
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
The City ◽  
Climatic Features

The Iraqi city of Mosul occupied a clear geographical and historical importance for a large number of geographers and historians due to its geographical and historical importance, and because of the important historical events that its lands witnessed that changed the political map of several countries Geographers were interested in studying the geography of Mosul, and most of them made it within the geography of the Euphrates island, and this, of course, is due to the nature of the ruling political forces at that time, especially mentioning in successive Islamic eras, as well as the administrative subordination of the ruling Islamic states or emirates at that time. The research addressed the views of an important number of geographers about the city of Mosul, especially those who lived through the Abbasid era and its various stages, in terms of name and location, and the most important geographical and climatic features of this city, as well as the nature of its inhabitants, their buildings, and the nature of their land, and referred to the goods and imports that it was famous for. Naturalization made it self-sufficient, as well as the most important villages and cities near it, which are within its borders. Key words: City, Palm, Basra, Institutions, Country.

scholarly journals Els orígens de l’Estudi General de Girona: uns començaments que es faran esperar

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Xavier Torres
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Key Words ◽  
The Political ◽  
General View ◽  
Early Modern History ◽  
Secular Evolution ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City

Resum: Els orígens i la trajectòria mateixa de l’Estudi General de Girona (1446-1717) són força mal coneguts encara, sobretot per unes mancances documentals que semblen de mal solucionar a curt i potser a llarg termini. En aquestes pàgines s’ofereix, doncs, una síntesi de l’evolució del vell Estudi gironí, tot remarcant el seus inicis més aviat tardans, a la segona meitat del segle xvi, és a dir, un segle després de l’obtenció del pertinent privilegi reial. Aquesta lenta arrencada de la universitat gironina es pot explicar per les vicissituds polítiques, econòmiques i religioses tant del període com de la ciutat de Girona. Paraules clau: Universitat, Girona, Època moderna, Estudis superiors Abstract: The origins and the secular evolution of the Estudi General de Girona are not yet well known because of a notorious lack of sources. Such a problem does not seem to have an easy solution in the short and even long term. Therefore, only a general view can be offered at the moment. Such a survey remarks the laborious beginnings of the old Girona university, a century after the perceptive royal permission was given. Besides, the long way of the Estudi is related to the political, economic and religious events of the period, as well as the city. Key words: University, Girona, Early Modern History, University studies

scholarly journals UKRAINIAN ISSUES AND SUPPORT OF CENTRAL RADA IN KHERSON PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Olha Yadlovska
Keyword(s):  
City Government ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
City Community ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
National Organizations ◽  
General Secretariat ◽  
The City

The article highlights and analyses the attitude of the public of the city of Kherson and Kherson Governorate to the events of 1917–1918, including the period of activity of the Ukrainian Central Rada, the attempt to fight for power by the Provisional Government and the Bolsheviks’ resistance to the process of becoming Ukrainian forces. Attention is paid to the characteristics of the meetings, congresses of the region, which were aimed at demonstrating the attitude of the political forces and local authorities of the Kherson region to the main state-political acts of the period — the Universals of the Central Rada and the reaction to the Temporary Instruction to the General Secretariat of the Provisional Government in Ukraine. During the mentioned period, the Kherson District Meetings, the Regional Congress of Farmers and the Provincial Ukrainian National Congress were held. In general, representatives of these meetings supported the Central Rada and the autonomy of Ukraine. The opposition to the Ukrainian issue was the Kherson Revolutionary Council, the Council of Rural Deputies of the Kherson province, negatively held the Ukrainian congresses, and also opposed the broad representation of national minorities at these meetings. Attention is drawn to the political activity of the city community, in particular, the city government, as well as officials authorized by heads of public institutions of the city. The main directions of activity of national Ukrainian forces are described: Unions of Ukrainian national organizations, “Ukrainian House”, which later became “Enlightenment” and others. It is noted that the Kherson public supported the activities of the Central Rada, demanded the inclusion of the Governorate under the jurisdiction of the General Secretariat, opposing the Provisional Instruction of the Provisional Government. The Ukrainian forces of the Kherson province were at the organizational stage of activity.

scholarly journals Comportamiento político en la Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla en las elecciones generales de 2011 y 2015

Aldaba ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Luz Helena Idrobro Bedoya
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
The City ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

En esta investigación se pretende determinar cuáles son los aspectos socio-culturales más relevantes de los ciudadanos de Melilla que inciden en su comportamiento político en las elecciones generales. Por tanto, se analizará cómo los ciudadanos de Melilla cambian sus intereses políticos dependiendo de las elecciones y las fuerzas políticas que confluyan en ellas. De esta forma, la investigación se centra en las dos últimas elecciones Generales, proponiendo el estudio de la problemática melillense desde ópticas politológicas y sociológicas a través de la utilización de métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, centrando el interés en las comunidades más representativas de la ciudad (católicos y musulmanes). Recogiendo con ello, la realidad y caracterización de una población multicultural que coexiste.This research aims to determine which are the most relevant sociocultural aspects of the citizens of Melilla affecting their political behavior in the general elections. Therefore, we will analyze how the citizens of Melilla change their political interests depending on the elections and the political forces that join them. In this way, the research focuses on the two last General elections, proposing the study of the Melilla issue from optical of political science and sociology using quantitative and qualitative methods, focusing the interest in the most representative of the city (Catholics and Muslim) communities. Collecting this reality and characterization of a multicultural population coexisting.

scholarly journals Os lugares de memória da ditadura: disputas entre o poder público e os movimentos sociais

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana DArc Ferraz ◽  
Lucas Campos
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The City

The sites of memory, in Pierre Nora's perspective (1993), are spaces of eternalization of a memory's group that can no longer be spontaneously evoked by collective memory. There is a large dispute between the State and the social movements regarding the preservation of historical heritage that alludes to the Brazilian military-business coup (1964-1985) in Rio de Janeiro. We intend to think the political place of these sites of memories, consulting the patrimony of spaces and buildings which advocate for the coup and dictatorship, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The policy that has been practiced so far by the State can be defined as conciliatory. However, the social movements demand the insertion of their voices in these places, considering them, silenced or forgotten. We are interested in analyzing these disputes and how they reflect on society. Key words: Brazilian military-business dictatorship; memory; patrimony.

Göçmen edebiyatında din ve kimlik yansımaları -Fakir Baykurt’un Yarım Ekmek Romanında Din ve Gelenek-

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-145
Author(s):  
İsmail Güllü
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cultural Shock ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Socialist Realist ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Societal Structure ◽  
Immigrant Religion ◽  
Turks In Germany ◽  
The City

Yarım aşırı aşan bir geçmişe sahip Almanya’ya göç olgusu beraberinde önemli bir edebi birikimi (Migrantenliteratur) de getirmiştir. Farklı adlandırmalar ile anılan bu edebi birikim, kendi içinde de farklı renkleri de barındıran bir özelliğe sahiptir. Edebi yazını besleyen en önemli kaynaklardan biri toplumdur. Yazarın içinde yaşadığı toplumsal yapı ve problemler üstü kapalı veya açık bir şekilde onun yazılarına yansımaktadır. Bu bağlamda araştırma, 50’li yaşlarında Almanya’ya giden ve ömrünün sonuna kadar orada yaşayan, birçok edebi ve düşünsel çalışması ile Türk edebiyatında önemli bir isim olan Fakir Baykurt’un “Koca Ren” ve Yüksek Fırınlar” adlı romanları ile birlikte Duisburg Üçlemesi’nin son kitabı olan “Yarım Ekmek” romanında ele aldığı konu ve roman kahramanları üzerinden din ve gelenek olgusu sosyolojik bir yaklaşımla ele alınmaktadır. Toplumcu-gerçekçi çizgide yer alan yazarın, uzun yıllar yaşadığı Türkiye’deki siyasi ve ideolojik geçmişi bu romanda kullandığı dil ve kurguladığı kahramanlarda kendini göstermektedir. Romanda Almanya’nın Duisburg şehrinde yaşayan Türklerin yeni kültürel ortamda yaşadıkları çatışma, kültürel şok, arada kalmışlık, iki kültürlülük temaları ön plandadır. Yazar romanda sadece Almanya’daki Türkleri ele almamakta, aynı zamanda Türkiye ile hatta başka ülkeler ile de ilişkilendirmeler yaparak bireysel ve toplumsal konuları ele almaktadır. Araştırmada, romanda yer alan dini ve geleneksel unsurlar sosyolojik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Genel anlamda bir göç romanı olma özelliği yanında Yarım Ekmek romanında dini, siyasi ve ideolojik birçok yorum ve tartışma söz konusudur. Romandaki bu veriler, inanç, ritüel, siyaset ve toplumsal boyutlarda kategorize edilerek ele alınmıştır.  ENGLISH ABSTRACTReligion and identity reflections in literature of immigrant: Religion and Tradition in Fakir Baykurt’s novel Yarım EkmekThe immigration fact which has nearly half century in Germany have brought a significant literal accumulation (Migrantenliteratur) in its wake. This literal accumulation, which is named as several denominations, has a feature including different colours in itself. One of the most important source snourishing literature is society. Societal structure and problems that the writer lives inside, directly or indirectly reflect on his/her compositions. In this context, the matter of religion and tradition by way of the issue and fictious characters in the novel of Fakir Baykurt who went to Germany in her 50’s and lived in there till his death and who is a considerable name in Turkish literature with his several literal and intellectual workings; “Yarım Ekmek” which is the third novel of Duisburg Trilogy with “Koca Ren” and “Yüksek Fırınlar” are discussed sociologically in the study. The political and ideological past of the socialist realist lined writer in Turkey where he spent his life for a long time, manifest itself on the speech and fictious characters of novel. In the novel, themes of new Turks’ conflict, cultural shock, being in the middle, bi culturalism in their new cultural nature in Duisburg which is the city they live in. The writer not only deals with Turks in Germany but also personal and social subjects via comparing them to Turkey and even other countries. In the study, religious and traditional elements analyzed sociologically. Besides the speciality of being a migration novel in general, there are a lot of religious, political and ideological interpretations and discussions in the novel. These datum in the novel are examinated in the context of belief, ritual, politics and social categorisation. 

The Ideology of Socialism and the Armenian Political Parties

wisdom ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Gegham HOVHANNISYAN
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Given

The article covers the manifestations and peculiarities of the ideology of socialism in the social-political life of Armenia at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. General characteristics, aims and directions of activity of the political organizations functioning in the Armenian reality within the given time-period, whose program documents feature the ideology of socialism to one degree or another, are given (Hunchakian Party, Dashnaktsutyun, Armenian Social-democrats, Specifics, Socialists-revolutionaries). The specific peculiarities of the national-political life of Armenia in the given time-period and their impact on the ideology of political forces are introduced.

Richard Sisson and Leo E. Rose. War and Secession: Pakistan, India and the Creation of Bangladesh. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications. 1990. 338 pp.Price Rs 225.00 (Hardbound).

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Ziaul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Political Polarization ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
National Elections ◽  
The Real ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Creation

After thirteen long years of military dictatorship, national elections on the basis of adult franchise were held in Pakistan in December 1970. The Awami League, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and the Pakistan Peoples Party, under Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, emerged as the two majority political parties in East Pakistan and West Pakistan respectively. The political party commanding a majority in one wing of the country had almost no following in the other. This ended in a political and constitutional deadlock, since this split mandate and political exclusiveness gradually led to the parting of ways and political polarization. Power was not transferred to the majority party (that is, the Awami League) within the legally prescribed time; instead, in the wake of the political/ constitutional crisis, a civil war broke out in East Pakistan which soon led to an open war between India and Pakistan in December 1971. This ultimately resulted in the dismemberment of Pakistan, and in the creation of Bangladesh as a sovereign country. The book under review is a political study of the causes and consequences of this crisis and the war, based on a reconstruction of the real facts, historical events, political processes and developments. It candidly recapitulates the respective roles of the political elites (both of India and Pakistan), their leaders and governments, and assesses their perceptions of the real situation. It is an absorbing narrative of almost thirteen months, from 7 December, 1970, when elections were held in Pakistan, to 17 December, 1971 when the war ended after the Pakistani army's surrender to the Indian army in Dhaka (on December 16, 1971). The authors, who are trained political scientists, give fresh interpretations of these historical events and processes and relate them to the broader regional and global issues, thus assessing the crisis in a broader perspective. This change of perspective enhances our understanding of the problems the authors discuss. Their focus on the problems under discussion is sharp, cogent, enlightening, and circumspect, whether or not the reader agrees with their conclusions. The grasp of the source material is masterly; their narration of fast-moving political events is superbly anchored in their scientific methodology and political philosophy.

PERILAKU PEDAGANG MUSLIM DALAM TINJAUAN ETIKA BISNIS ISLAM (KASUS DI PASAR LOAK JAGALAN KEDIRI)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alwi Musa Muzaiyin
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
The World ◽  
Goods Market ◽  
Islamic Business Ethics ◽  
New Goods ◽  
The Many ◽  
Used Goods ◽  
The City

Trade is a form of business that is run by many people around the world, ranging from trading various kinds of daily necessities or primary needs, to selling the need for luxury goods for human satisfaction. For that, to overcome the many needs of life, they try to outsmart them buy products that are useful, economical and efficient. One of the markets they aim at is the second-hand market or the so-called trashy market. As for a trader at a trashy market, they aim to sell in the used goods market with a variety of reasons. These reasons include; first, because it is indeed to fulfill their needs. Second, the capital needed to trade at trashy markets is much smaller than opening a business where the products come from new goods. Third, used goods are easily available and easily sold to buyer. Here the researcher will discuss the behavior of Muslim traders in a review of Islamic business ethics (the case in the Jagalan Kediri Trashy Market). Kediri Jagalan Trashy Market is central to the sale of used goods in the city of Kediri. Where every day there are more than 300 used merchants who trade in the market. The focus of this research is how the behavior of Muslim traders in the Jagalan Kediri Trashy Market in general. Then, from the large number of traders, of course not all traders have behavior in accordance with Islamic business ethics, as well as traders who are in accordance with the rules of Islamic business ethics. This study aims to determine how the behavior of Muslim traders in the Jagalan Kediri Trashy Market in buying and selling transactions and to find out how the behavior of Muslim traders in the Jagalan Kediri Trashy Market in reviewing Islamic business ethics. Key Words: Trade, loak market, Islamic business

The Effect Of The Russian Empire On The Political Life Of The Emirate Of Bukhara (1868-1917)

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (10) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Yangiboeva Dilnoza Uktamovna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Changing World

The article describes the influence of the Russian Empire on the socio-political life of the Emirate of Bukhara in the late XIX - early XX centuries during the reign of Mangit emirs Muzaffar (1860-1885), Abdulahad (1885-1910) and Alimkhan (1910-1920). There were many people who looked at this country, which has beautiful nature, fertile soil and rich in minerals. The Central Asian khanates, which were part of a constantly changing world, did not undergo renewal, despite their obsolescence. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, when the Emirate of Bukhara became politically and economically full of the policy of the Russian Empire and officially became its vassal, many historical events took place in its social life.

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