The multifaceted functional role of DNA methylation in immune-mediated rheumatic diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Vecellio ◽  
Haijing Wu ◽  
Qianjin Lu ◽  
Carlo Selmi
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Immune Mediated

scholarly journals The role of Interleukin-12 in immune-mediated rheumatic diseases

Reumatismo ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Spadaro ◽  
R. Scrivo ◽  
T. Rinaldi ◽  
V. Riccieri ◽  
A. Sili Scavalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Immune Mediated

Studies on functional role of DNA methylation within the FXYD5-COX7A1 region of human chromosome 19

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 874-881
Author(s):  
Y. V. Skvortsova ◽  
T. L. Azhikina ◽  
E. A. Stukacheva ◽  
E. D. Sverdlov
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Human Chromosome ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Chromosome 19 ◽  
Human Chromosome 19

scholarly journals Gene-regulatory independent functions for insect DNA methylation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Bewick ◽  
Zachary Sanchez ◽  
Elizabeth C. Mckinney ◽  
Allen J. Moore ◽  
Patricia J. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Oncopeltus Fasciatus ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Independent Functions

AbstractThe function of cytosine (DNA) methylation in insects remains unknown. Here we provide evidence for the functional role of the maintenance DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) in an insect using experimental manipulation. Through RNA interference (RNAi) we successfully post-transcriptionally knocked downDnmt1in ovarian tissue of the hemipteranOncopeltus fasciatus(the large milkweed bug). Individuals depleted forDnmt1, and subsequently DNA methylation, failed to reproduce. Eggs were inviable and declined in number, and nuclei structure of follicular epithelium was aberrant. Depletion of DNA methylation did not result in changes in gene or transposable element expression revealing an important function of DNA methylation seemingly not contingent on gene expression. Our work provides direct experimental evidence for a functional role ofDnmt1and DNA methylation independent of gene expression in insects.

scholarly journals The Role of Epigenetic Factors in Psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9294
Author(s):  
Klaudia Dopytalska ◽  
Piotr Ciechanowicz ◽  
Kacper Wiszniewski ◽  
Elżbieta Szymańska ◽  
Irena Walecka
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Individual Gene ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Psoriasis is a chronic, systemic, immune-mediated disease with an incidence of approximately 2%. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex and not yet fully understood. Genetic factors play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In predisposed individuals, multiple trigger factors may contribute to disease onset and exacerbations of symptoms. Environmental factors (stress, infections, certain medications, nicotinism, alcohol, obesity) play a significant role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In addition, epigenetic mechanisms are considered result in modulation of individual gene expression and an increased likelihood of the disease. Studies highlight the significant role of epigenetic factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of psoriasis. Epigenetic mechanisms in psoriasis include DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetic mechanisms induce gene expression changes under the influence of chemical modifications of DNA and histones, which alter chromatin structure and activate transcription factors of selected genes, thus leading to translation of new mRNA without affecting the DNA sequence. Epigenetic factors can regulate gene expression at the transcriptional (via histone modification, DNA methylation) and posttranscriptional levels (via microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs). This study aims to present and discuss the different epigenetic mechanisms in psoriasis based on a review of the available literature.

scholarly journals Evidence of positive and negative selection associated with DNA methylation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Hatcher ◽  
Gibran Hemani ◽  
Santiago Rodriguez ◽  
Tom R Gaunt ◽  
Daniel J Lawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Joint Distribution ◽  
Negative Selection ◽  
Selection Coefficient ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

Signatures of negative selection are pervasive amongst complex traits and diseases. However, it is unclear whether such signatures exist for DNA methylation (DNAm) that has been proposed to have a functional role in disease. We estimate polygenicity, SNP-based heritability and model the joint distribution of effect size and minor allele frequency (MAF) to estimate a selection coefficient (S) for 2000 heritable DNAm sites in 1774 individuals from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Additionally, we estimate S for meta stable epi alleles and DNAm sites associated with aging and mortality, birthweight and body mass index. Quantification of MAF-dependent genetic architectures estimated from genotype and DNAm reveal evidence of positive (S>0) and negative selection (S<0) and confirm previous evidence of negative selection for birthweight. Evidence of both negative and positive selection highlights the role of DNAm as an intermediary in multiple biological pathways with competing function.

scholarly journals Role of Microparticles in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Joint Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Krajewska-Włodarczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek ◽  
Zbigniew Żuber ◽  
Maja Wojtkiewicz ◽  
Joanna Wojtkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Joint Diseases ◽  
Coagulation Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Joint Diseases ◽  
Immune Mediated

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) make up a group of chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). The course of these diseases involves chronic inflammation of joints and enthesopathies, which can result in joint damage and disability. Microparticles (MPs) are a group of small spherical membranous vesicles. The structure and cellular origin of MPs, mechanisms that stimulate their secretion and the place of their production, determine their biological properties, which could become manifest in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Microparticles can stimulate synovitis with proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. MPs may also contribute to the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases by the formation of immune complexes and complement activation, pro-coagulation activity, activation of vascular endothelium cells, and stimulation of metalloproteinase production. It seems that in the future, microparticles can become a modern marker of disease activity, a response to treatment, and, possibly, they can be used in the prognosis of the course of arthritis. The knowledge of the complexity of MPs biology remains incomplete and it requires further comprehensive studies to explain how they affect the development of rheumatic diseases. This review focuses on the immunopathogenic and therapeutic role of MPs in chronic immune-mediated inflammatory joint diseases.

scholarly journals Functional role of DNA methylation at the FLO1 promoter in budding yeast

2017 ◽  
Vol 364 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei-ichi Sugiyama ◽  
Hiroko Furusawa ◽  
Petr Grúz ◽  
Masamitsu Honma
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Budding Yeast

DNA methylation in satellite repeats disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Francastel ◽  
Frédérique Magdinier
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Repeats ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Despite the tremendous progress made in recent years in assembling the human genome, tandemly repeated DNA elements remain poorly characterized. These sequences account for the vast majority of methylated sites in the human genome and their methylated state is necessary for this repetitive DNA to function properly and to maintain genome integrity. Furthermore, recent advances highlight the emerging role of these sequences in regulating the functions of the human genome and its variability during evolution, among individuals, or in disease susceptibility. In addition, a number of inherited rare diseases are directly linked to the alteration of some of these repetitive DNA sequences, either through changes in the organization or size of the tandem repeat arrays or through mutations in genes encoding chromatin modifiers involved in the epigenetic regulation of these elements. Although largely overlooked so far in the functional annotation of the human genome, satellite elements play key roles in its architectural and topological organization. This includes functions as boundary elements delimitating functional domains or assembly of repressive nuclear compartments, with local or distal impact on gene expression. Thus, the consideration of satellite repeats organization and their associated epigenetic landmarks, including DNA methylation (DNAme), will become unavoidable in the near future to fully decipher human phenotypes and associated diseases.

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