Multiple sclerosis patients and immunomodulation therapies: the potential role of new MRI techniques to assess responders versus non-responders

Background:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is believed to be an autoimmune disease occurring in genetically predisposed individuals after an appropriate environmental exposure such as viral infections. Recent studies suggest a significant association between MS and the functional 5’-(GT)n polymorphism in the promoter region of the NRAMP1 gene. In the present study we aimed to evaluate the contribution of the allelic variation in the NRAMP1 promoter to MS susceptibility and to study the role of viral infection in relation to specific NRAMP1 genotypes, in a Sardinian cohort.Methods:Sixty MS patients and 66 healthy individuals were genotyped, and screened for the presence of Epstein-bar virus (EBV) and JC virus (JCV) sequences.Results:Consistent with previous autoimmune disease studies, allele 3 at the functional 5’(GT)n promoter region repeat polymorphism, was significantly overrepresented among MS patients when compared to controls (p=0.02). The EBV and JCV sequences were detected in 8/60 (13.33%) and in 4/60 (6.66%) of MS patients respectively and in 5/66 (7.57%) and in 0/66 of controls.Conclusion:The allelic variation in the NRAMP1 promoter may contribute to MS susceptibility in the Sardinian population. The viral sequences were not confined to a specific NRAMP1 genotype.

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The Role of the Primary-Care Physician in Treating Relapses in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

International Journal of MS Care ◽

10.7224/1537-2073-11.3.122 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 122-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sarah A. Morrow ◽

Marcelo Kremenchutzky

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Primary Care ◽

Primary Care Physicians ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Physician ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Tertiary Care Centers ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common disabling neurologic disease with an overall prevalence in Canada of 240 in 100,000. Multiple sclerosis clinics are located at tertiary-care centers that may be difficult for a patient to access during an acute relapse. Many relapses are evaluated by primary-care physicians in private clinics or emergency departments, but these physicians' familiarity with MS is not known. Therefore, a survey was undertaken to determine the knowledge and experience of primary-care physicians regarding the diagnosis and treatment of MS relapses. A total of 1282 licensed primary-care physicians in the catchment area of the London (Ontario, Canada) Multiple Sclerosis Clinic were identified and mailed a two-page anonymous survey. A total of 237 (18.5%) responses were obtained, but only 216 (16.8%) of these respondents were still in active practice. Of these 216 physicians, only 9% reported having no MS patients in their practice, while 70% had one to five patients, 16.7% had six to ten, and 1.9% had more than ten (3.7% did not respond to this question). Corticosteroids were recognized as an MS treatment by 49.5% of the respondents, but only 43.1% identified them as a treatment for acute relapses. In addition, 31% did not know how to diagnose a relapse, and only 37% identified new signs or symptoms of neurologic dysfunction as indicating a potential relapse. Despite the high prevalence of MS in Canada, primary-care physicians require more education and support from specialists in MS care regarding the diagnosis and treatment of MS relapses.

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MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, MITOCHONDRIA AND DIET THERAPY: AN OVERVIEW

10.36106/gjra/4312246 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 132-135

Author(s):

Joyeta Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Potential Role ◽

Diet Therapy ◽

Limited Data ◽

Neurodegenerative Process ◽

Current Review ◽

Day By Day

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is dened as one chronic disease of central nervous system with neurodegenerative and inammatory components, where most of the patients shown a relapsingremitting course dened by the acute inception of focal neurologic decits and consistent focal inammatory changes visible on MRI. The causal factor of this complicated autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease is still unknown. Mitochondrial dysfunction is the key contributor to the neurodegenerative process of this disease. The current review signies the possible potential role of mitochondria in MS and the different dietary approach as a disease modier with the special emphasis on mitochondrial function and neurodegenerations.Research regarding therapeutic implementation of different diet in MS is advancing day by day; but currently remains with limited data. Few studies have been intended with meticulously collected observations, and the very few clinical trials that have been executed with insufcient sample size or length to adequately assess efcacy. More epidemiological and observational studies on dietary implementations were required

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The potential role of iNKT cells in experimental allergic encephalitis and multiple sclerosis

Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology ◽

10.3109/08923973.2014.897726 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 105-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maryam Roozbeh ◽

Hemn Mohammadpour ◽

Gholamreza Azizi ◽

Samira Ghobadzadeh ◽

Abbas Mirshafiey

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Potential Role ◽

Inkt Cells ◽

Experimental Allergic Encephalitis ◽

Experimental Allergic

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PATHOGENIC ROLE OF AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION IN COLD INTOLERANCE IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS

Pathophysiology ◽

10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.07.084 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 196

Author(s):

Liudmila Gerasimova-Meigal ◽

Ilya Sirenev

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Autonomic Dysfunction ◽

Pathogenic Role ◽

Cold Intolerance ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

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The potential role of epigenetic modifications in the heritability of multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458514520911 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 135-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Yuan Zhou ◽

Steve Simpson ◽

Adele F Holloway ◽

Jac Charlesworth ◽

Ingrid van der Mei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Potential Role ◽

Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽

Epigenetic Changes ◽

Missing Heritability ◽

Significant Component ◽

Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Ms Pathogenesis

It is now well established that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to and interact in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the currently described causal genetic variants do not explain the majority of the heritability of MS, resulting in ‘missing heritability’. Epigenetic mechanisms, which principally include DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing, may contribute a significant component of this missing heritability. As the development of MS is a dynamic process potentially starting with inflammation, then demyelination, remyelination and neurodegeneration, we have reviewed the dynamic epigenetic changes in these aspects of MS pathogenesis and describe how environmental risk factors may interact with epigenetic changes to manifest in disease.

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