Purpose A series of 205 retinoblastoma (RB) patients referred to the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Siena (Italy) was evaluated in order to assess the proportion of unilateral cases later developing tumors in the companion eye (“metachronous” bilateral retinobastoma) (MBRB). Methods The total number of unilaterally affected patients developing tumors in the fellow eye was recorded and the risk factors assessed for the development of asynchronous bilateral retinoblastoma, i.e., family history, tumor multifocality and early age at diagnosis. Results Only two out of 133 (1.5%) unilateral retinoblastoma patients in our series could be considered affected by MBRB. Conclusions The incidence of MBRB in our series was negligible (1.5% of all unilateral cases) compared to other reports. None of the reported risk factors for the development of tumors in the fellow eye was relevant in the present series. Although close follow-up of some unilateral cases is still recommended, thorough examination of the fellow eye, to search for lesions in the peripheral retina, is essential in all cases of unilateral RB. MBRB may be a distinctive clinical entity with specific clinical, genetic and prognostic features. However, all these aspects need to be better investigated in larger series.
Risk factors for synchronous or metachronous tumor development after endoscopic resection of gastric neoplasms