Performance and suitability of a landfill bioreactor with low cost biofilm contained clay-waste polyethylene-clay composite liner system for tropical climates of Asian countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendram Thivyatharsan ◽  
H. A. Y. R. Gunarathna ◽  
Benedict Francis Antony Basnayake ◽  
Periyathamby Kuruparan
2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Jing Fan

To protect the underlying soil and groundwater from landfills, the landfills are commonly lined with layered liner systems. Geosynthetic clay liners (GCL) have been increasingly used in the landfill liner systems to substitude the traditional compacted clay liners (CCL) because of their low cost, easily construction behavior and low leakage rate. To study the behavior of the GM+GCL liner system used in China due to the migration of Pb2+, we introduce in detail GM+GCL liner systems proposed by the Chinese specification. Then one dimensional finite layer model is used to investigate the anti-pollution behavior of the CM+GCL composite liner systems, with the focuses on the heavy metal Pb2+. It could be concluded that the main migration way through the GM+GCL composite liner system is that the transport of Pb2+through a GM+GCL composite liner system of a landfill cover takes place primarily through the holes in the GM. The findings provide useful reference for preventing, controlling and treating groundwater pollution in the GM+GCL liner system technically and scientifically.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Budi Pradono

The interiority of buildings in tropical countries requires specific characteristics unlike those in countries with four distinct seasons. Buildings in non-tropical climates must protect their inhabitants from extreme weather, meaning that the architecture’s connection with nature is necessarily limited by a boundary which can withstand extreme climatic differences. In tropical countries, on the other hand, the temperature does not fluctuate much throughout the year, so the temperature difference between seasons is not extreme. This characteristic is reflected in traditional Nusantara architecture, which incorporates a breathable wall so that free winds come in, reducing heat. The roof is tilted or saddled-shaped to keep rain water away from the building. The architecture uses organic materials and includes terraces for dialogue with nature. Modern Indonesian architecture, however, particularly in large cities, is mostly closed off, severely limiting the interaction with nature. Since the advent of air conditioning (AC) technology during the 1980’s, architecture has changed to seal the boundaries of the building. Advances in information technology such as Internet and smartphones have made for further changes to architecture in the area; some functional spaces are being discarded, while others are expanded. The relationship between architecture and nature is now constrained by impenetrable materials such as brick, concrete and glass, as opposed to the more traditional, permeable boundary. In contrast to this trend, modern Indonesian society is tempted to form a closer relationship with nature. This paper examines how a relationship between nature and the interior of buildings may be accommodated again, presenting some existing projects by several architects from Europe and Asian countries—including the authors’ own work—as case studies.


Author(s):  
D. D. Jones ◽  
R. S. McWatters ◽  
R. K. Rowe ◽  
J. M. Markle
Keyword(s):  

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kerry Rowe ◽  
Henri P Sangam ◽  
Craig B Lake

A geomembrane – compacted clay composite liner system used to contain municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachate for 14 years is evaluated. Field observations of the geomembrane revealed many defects, including holes, patches, and cracks. Physical, chemical, and mechanical tests conducted on samples collected from five different locations of the liner suggest that samples continuously exposed to sunlight and high temperatures experienced more degradation compared to samples that were covered by leachate or soil. Sorption and diffusion tests revealed that the permeation coefficients of volatile organic compounds were in the range of 4 × 10–12 to 6 × 10–11 m2/s and that, with respect to these parameters, there was no significant difference between samples with different exposure levels. However, the permeation coefficients were between four and five times lower than values obtained for unaged HDPE geomembranes typical of present day production. Contaminant modelling of the entire lagoon liner suggests that the geomembrane liner most likely stopped being effective as a contaminant barrier to ionic species sometime between 0 and 4 years after the installation.Key words: liquid containment, composite liner, diffusion, HDPE geomembrane, performance.


2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hefu Pu ◽  
Jinwei Qiu ◽  
Rongjun Zhang ◽  
Junjie Zheng
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arteks Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur

The interiority of buildings in tropical countries requires specific characteristics unlike those in countries with four distinct seasons. Buildings in non-tropical climates must protect their inhabitants from extreme weather, meaning that the architecture’s connection with nature is necessarily limited by a boundary which can withstand extreme climatic differences. In tropical countries, on the other hand, the temperature does not fluctuate much throughout the year, so the temperature difference between seasons is not extreme. This characteristic is reflected in traditional Nusantara architecture, which incorporates a breathable wall so that free winds come in, reducing heat. The roof is tilted or saddled-shaped to keep rain water away from the building. The architecture uses organic materials and includes terraces for dialogue with nature. Modern Indonesian architecture, however, particularly in large cities, is mostly closed off, severely limiting the interaction with nature. Since the advent of air conditioning (AC) technology during the 1980’s, architecture has changed to seal the boundaries of the building. Advances in information technology such as Internet and smartphones have made for further changes to architecture in the area; some functional spaces are being discarded, while others are expanded. The relationship between architecture and nature is now constrained by impenetrable materials such as brick, concrete and glass, as opposed to the more traditional, permeable boundary. In contrast to this trend, modern Indonesian society is tempted to form a closer relationship with nature. This paper examines how a relationship between nature and the interior of buildings may be accommodated again, presenting some existing projects by several architects from Europe and Asian countries—including the authors’ own work—as case studies.


Author(s):  
K. R. Asha ◽  
Padmashree . ◽  
Babu R. M. Ray

Paddy (rice) is considered as the most important staple food-cereal crop in south-east Asian countries. It is the majorly consumed food in India. Transplanting of paddy is a highly labor-intensive operation and is still done manually. It takes around 182 to 250-man hours a day to manually transplant rice. Also, many a time due to shortage of labour, transplanting is delayed which causes a progressive decrease in yield. The scarcity of labour during the peak season of transplanting creates a problem to complete the transplanting operation in time. Manually operated paddy transplanter can be useful for small and marginal landholdings. Here we intended to develop equipment that should be of low cost, fabricated locally, versatile in utility, reducing drudgery by making transplanting possible without bending and useful for small farmers. The developed two row rice transplanter prototype can transplant 20 to 25-day old seedlings up to 5 cm depth with adjustable row spacing of about 15-20 cm. It requires two operators, one for filling the tray while walking behind and another for pulling the transplanter while walking in front of the machine. The actual filed capacity of 0.2 ha per day (eight hour working day) was achieved with the machine by considering a 5%- and 3%- time loss due to turning and filling tray respectively.


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