Numerical modeling of general circulation, thermohaline structure, and residence time in Gorgan Bay, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Ranjbar ◽  
Nasser Hadjizadeh Zaker
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Thermohaline Structure ◽  
Gorgan Bay

scholarly journals Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 2: Modeling of emissions and transport between different ecosystems

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 9281-9297 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Burrows ◽  
T. Butler ◽  
P. Jöckel ◽  
H. Tost ◽  
A. Kerkweg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nucleus ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Emission Region ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells

Abstract. Bacteria are constantly being transported through the atmosphere, which may have implications for human health, agriculture, cloud formation, and the dispersal of bacterial species. We simulate the global transport of bacteria, represented as 1 μm and 3 μm diameter spherical solid particle tracers in a general circulation model. We investigate factors influencing residence time and distribution of the particles, including emission region, cloud condensation nucleus activity and removal by ice-phase precipitation. The global distribution depends strongly on the assumptions made about uptake into cloud droplets and ice. The transport is also affected, to a lesser extent, by the emission region, particulate diameter, and season. We find that the seasonal variation in atmospheric residence time is insufficient to explain by itself the observed seasonal variation in concentrations of particulate airborne culturable bacteria, indicating that this variability is mainly driven by seasonal variations in culturability and/or emission strength. We examine the potential for exchange of bacteria between ecosystems and obtain rough estimates of the flux from each ecosystem by using a maximum likelihood estimation technique, together with a new compilation of available observations described in a companion paper. Globally, we estimate the total emissions of bacteria-containing particles to the atmosphere to be 7.6×1023–3.5×1024 a−1, originating mainly from grasslands, shrubs and crops. We estimate the mass of emitted bacteria- to be 40–1800 Gg a−1, depending on the mass fraction of bacterial cells in the particles. In order to improve understanding of this topic, more measurements of the bacterial content of the air and of the rate of surface-atmosphere exchange of bacteria will be necessary. Future observations in wetlands, hot deserts, tundra, remote glacial and coastal regions and over oceans will be of particular interest.

scholarly journals Transformation of Levantine Intermediate Water tracked by MedArgo floats in Western Mediterranean

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Emelianov ◽  
J. Font ◽  
A. Turiel ◽  
J. Solé ◽  
P. Poulain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Thermohaline Structure ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Intermediate Waters ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. A clustering methodology is applied to investigate the thermohaline structure of Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) in the western Mediterranean basin. 16 free-drifting hydrographic profilers were deployed in the framework of the MFSTEP project (MedArgo component) from September 2003. A total of 925 CTD profiles data collected until the beginning of February 2006 have been used in the analysis. The results are in good agreement with the general circulation scheme for intermediate waters in the basin and confirm the hypothesis about a "discrete-continuous" thermohaline structure of LIW.

Numerical Modeling of the General Circulation of the Atmosphere of Titan at Equinox

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-293
Author(s):  
I. V. Mingalev ◽  
A. V. Rodin ◽  
K. G. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
General Circulation

scholarly journals Transformation of Levantine Intermediate Water tracked by MEDARGO floats in the Western Mediterranean

Ocean Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Emelianov ◽  
J. Font ◽  
A. Turiel ◽  
C. Millot ◽  
J. Solé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Thermohaline Structure ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Intermediate Waters ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. A clustering methodology is applied to investigate the thermohaline structure of Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) in the western Mediterranean basin. Sixteen free-drifting hydrographic profilers were deployed in the framework of the MFSTEP project (MEDARGO component) from September 2003. A total of 925 CTD profiles collected up to the beginning of February 2006 have been used in the analysis. The results are in good agreement with the general circulation scheme for intermediate waters in the basin and confirm the hypothesis about a "discrete-continuous" thermohaline structure of LIW.

Numerical Modeling of Ocean Circulations

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1434-1450
Author(s):  
S. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Atmospheric Models ◽  
The Status ◽  
Background Material ◽  
Resolution Problem

This report was prepared as background material for the Fisheries Research Board of Canada study on oceanography in Canada. Models of the large-scale or general circulation of the ocean are examined first. The general approach to such modeling and a series of models are described and the status of modeling is discussed. It appears that such models are another useful way to study the ocean. However, the resolution of present models is not sufficient to include all possibly important dynamic effects. Developments in computational techniques and computers suggest that these problems can be overcome. Besides the resolution problem, the lack of sufficient data, particularly of currents, makes it difficult to tell how well the models reproduce reality. Data collection programs, designed to use observational knowledge and results of analytical and numerical modeling, will be required for input and verification of numerical models. The use of models should reduce the effort to where it is practicable though difficult and likely to tax the oceanographic community’s resources to the limit. Modeling of coastal regions, semienclosed seas, and estuaries is described and some models of the ocean mixed layer are presented. The upper-layer models are required to provide better bottom boundary conditions for numerical atmospheric models to predict weather and climate in addition to the oceanographic results they produce.An assessment of the usefulness of numerical models for prediction is attempted. Models of rivers and coastal models of tidal amplitudes and currents appear to be quite useful. Models of other regions are not developed and verified well enough to use for prediction but by analogy with river and coastal models and atmospheric models there appears to be a good possibility for useful predictions in future. Finally, suggestions are made for further development of the Canadian program of numerical modeling. Clearly there is a need for the results of coastal and estuarine models, so present programs require some expansion. To get the desired results much faster computers are essential. Acquisition of such computers will make possible the development of a program of modeling the large-scale circulation which will be needed to provide boundary conditions for the coastal models, and could provide an important contribution to the world effort in modeling the general circulation of the ocean.

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