Varying energetic costs of Brent Geese along a continuum from aquatic to agricultural habitats: the importance of habitat-specific energy expenditure

Data was obtained on relative reactivity for different type bonds in reactions with hydrogen atoms, methyl radicals, and also on effective relative reactivities when using an inert diluent, allowing deepening the knowledge about pyrolysis of raw materials of a given composition. A method has been developed for increasing selectivity of process for target products (lower olefins), lowering yields of liquid products of condensation and specific energy expenditure, based on influence of hydrogen on thermic reactions of alkanes and alkenes.

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Scaling of lunge-feeding performance in rorqual whales: mass-specific energy expenditure increases with body size and progressively limits diving capacity

Functional Ecology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01905.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 216-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Jeremy A. Goldbogen ◽

John Calambokidis ◽

Donald A. Croll ◽

Megan F. McKenna ◽

Erin Oleson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Specific Energy ◽

Specific Energy Expenditure ◽

Feeding Performance ◽

Lunge Feeding

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Estimating activity-specific energy expenditure in a teleost fish, using accelerometer loggers

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps10528 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 496 ◽

pp. 19-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

S Wright ◽

JD Metcalfe ◽

S Hetherington ◽

R Wilson

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Specific Energy ◽

Teleost Fish ◽

Specific Energy Expenditure

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Validating accelerometry-derived proxies of energy expenditure using the doubly-labelled water method in the smallest penguin species

Biology Open ◽

10.1242/bio.055475 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bio.055475

Author(s):

G. J. Sutton ◽

J. A. Botha ◽

J. R. Speakman ◽

J. P. Y. Arnould

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Energy Use ◽

Travel Speed ◽

Specific Energy Expenditure ◽

Doubly Labelled Water ◽

Data Collection And Analysis ◽

Behavioural Patterns ◽

Free Ranging ◽

The Relationship

Understanding energy use is central to understanding an animal's physiological and behavioural ecology. However, directly measuring energy expenditure in free-ranging animals is inherently difficult. The doubly-labelled water (DLW) method is widely used to investigate energy expenditure in a range of taxa. Although reliable, DLW data collection and analysis is both financially costly and time consuming. Dynamic body acceleration (e.g. VeDBA) calculated from animal-borne accelerometers has been used to determine behavioural patterns, and is increasingly being used as a proxy for energy expenditure. Still its performance as a proxy for energy expenditure in free-ranging animals is not well established and requires validation against established methods. In the present study, the relationship between VeDBA and the at-sea metabolic rate calculated from DLW was investigated in little penguins (Eudyptula minor) using three approaches. Both in a simple correlation and activity-specific approaches were shown to be good predictors of at-sea metabolic rate. The third approach using activity-specific energy expenditure values obtained from literature did not accurately calculate the energy expended by individuals. However, all three approaches were significantly strengthened by the addition of mean horizontal travel speed. These results provide validation for the use of accelerometry as a proxy for energy expenditure and show how energy expenditure may be influenced by both individual behaviour and environmental conditions.

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Sex-specific energy management strategies in response to training for increased foraging effort prior to reproduction

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.235846 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jeb.235846

Author(s):

Kang Nian Yap ◽

Donald R. Powers ◽

Melissa L. Vermette ◽

Olivia Hsin-I Tsai ◽

Tony D. Williams

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Management ◽

Specific Energy ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Common Garden ◽

Free Living ◽

Foraging Effort ◽

Specific Manner ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Males And Females

Free-living animals often engage in behaviour that involve high rates of workload and result in high daily energy expenditure (DEE), such as reproduction. However, the evidence for elevated DEE accompanying reproduction remain equivocal. In fact, many studies have found no difference in DEE between reproducing vs. non-reproducing females. One of the hypotheses explaining the lack of difference is the concept of energetic ceiling. However, it is unclear whether the lack of increases in energy expenditure is due to the existence of an energetic ceiling and/or compensation by males during parental care. To investigate whether an energetic ceiling exists we experimentally manipulated foraging effort in captive zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata, creating two groups with high- and low foraging effort followed by both groups breeding in a low foraging effort common garden condition. DEE was measured in both sexes throughout the experiment. Our findings showed sex-specific energy management strategies in response to training for increased foraging effort prior to reproduction. Specifically, males and females responded differently to high foraging effort treatment and subsequently to chick rearing in terms of energy expenditure. Our results also suggested that there appears to be an energetic ceiling in females and that energetic costs incurred prior to reproduction can be carried over into subsequent stages of reproduction in a sex-specific manner.

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Determinants of climbing energetic costs in humans

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.234567 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elaine E. Kozma ◽

Herman Pontzer

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Body Mass ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Negligible Effect ◽

Energetic Cost ◽

Energetic Costs ◽

Cost Of Transport ◽

Specific Cost ◽

Limb Proportions

Previous studies in primates and other animals have shown that mass specific cost of transport (J kg−1 m−1) for climbing is independent of body size across species, but little is known about within-species allometry of climbing costs or the effects of difficulty and velocity. Here, we assess the effects of velocity, route difficulty, and anatomical variation on the energetic cost of climbing within humans. Twelve experienced rock climbers climbed on an indoor wall over a range of difficulty levels and velocities, with energy expenditure measured via respirometry. We found no effect of body mass or limb proportions on mass-specific cost of transport among subjects. Mass-specific cost of transport was negatively correlated with climbing velocity. Increased route difficulty was associated with slower climbing velocities and thus higher costs, but there was no statistically significant effect of route difficulty on energy expenditure independent of velocity. Finally, human climbing costs measured in this study were similar to published values for other primates, suggesting arboreal adaptations have a negligible effect on climbing efficiency.

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