scholarly journals ENHANCEMENT OF THE HYDROCARBONS PYROLYSIS SELECTIVITY

2017 ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
E. R. Magaril ◽  
R. Z. Magaril
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Relative Reactivity ◽  
Methyl Radicals ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Specific Energy Expenditure ◽  
Inert Diluent ◽  
Lower Olefins ◽  
Liquid Products

Data was obtained on relative reactivity for different type bonds in reactions with hydrogen atoms, methyl radicals, and also on effective relative reactivities when using an inert diluent, allowing deepening the knowledge about pyrolysis of raw materials of a given composition. A method has been developed for increasing selectivity of process for target products (lower olefins), lowering yields of liquid products of condensation and specific energy expenditure, based on influence of hydrogen on thermic reactions of alkanes and alkenes.

scholarly journals PERFECTION OF THE PYROLYSIS PROCESS

2017 ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
E. R. Magaril ◽  
R. Z. Magaril ◽  
L. V. Trushkova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Relative Reactivity ◽  
Methyl Radicals ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Thermal Reactions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Liquid Products

There were obtained the values of the relative reactivity of different types of bonds in interaction with hydrogen atoms, methyl radicals, as well as values of the effective relative reactivity when using an inert diluent, enabling to improve knowledge about the pyrolysis of raw materials of a given composition. A method was developed for increasing the selectivity of the pyrolysis for the desired products of the process (lower olefins), reducing the yield of liquid products of condensation and specific energy consumption, based on the influence of hydrogen on the thermal reactions of alkanes and alkenes.

Seasonal sex-specific energy expenditure in breeding and non-breeding Palestine sunbirds Nectarinia osea

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Catherine Hambly ◽  
Shai Markman ◽  
Lizanne Roxburgh ◽  
Berry Pinshow
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Expenditure

Seasonal sex–specific energy expenditure in breeding and non-breeding Palestine sunbirds Nectarinia osea

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Hambly ◽  
Shai Markman ◽  
Lizanne Roxburgh ◽  
Berry Pinshow
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Expenditure

scholarly journals Pandolf Equation Efficacy In Predicting Gender-Specific Energy Expenditure Differences While Carrying Light To Heavy Loads

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Gregory ◽  
Charles S. Fulco ◽  
Peter N. Frykman ◽  
Rebecca E. Fellin ◽  
Nathaniel I. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Expenditure ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Gender Specific

scholarly journals Scaling of lunge-feeding performance in rorqual whales: mass-specific energy expenditure increases with body size and progressively limits diving capacity

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy A. Goldbogen ◽  
John Calambokidis ◽  
Donald A. Croll ◽  
Megan F. McKenna ◽  
Erin Oleson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Expenditure ◽  
Feeding Performance ◽  
Lunge Feeding

Varying energetic costs of Brent Geese along a continuum from aquatic to agricultural habitats: the importance of habitat-specific energy expenditure

2012 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Kuhlmann Clausen ◽  
Preben Clausen ◽  
Anthony David Fox ◽  
Casper Cæsar Fælled ◽  
Jesper Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energetic Costs ◽  
Specific Energy Expenditure

scholarly journals Comparison of Moving-Bed Catalytic Tar Hydrocracking Processes

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kapustin ◽  
Elena Chernysheva ◽  
Roman Khakimov
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Hydrocarbon Potential ◽  
Vacuum Residue ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Major Process ◽  
Liquid Products

In recent years, there has been a trend in the global oil industry to improve the proportion of heavy high-sulfur crude oils in the total volume of extracted and processed resources, reserves of which are estimated at over 800 billion metric tons. Therefore, the main line of oil refining is processing of heavy crudes and residua to allow maximum use of the hydrocarbon potential and yield of high-margin products. Hydrogenation processes of heavy raw materials are most attractive in terms of product quality. This article analyzes tar hydrocracking processes that are either in operation or at the stage of full-scale testing. These include Veba Combi-Cracker (VCC), Uniflex, suspended-bed catalyst hydrocracking (ENI), and vacuum residue hydroconversion (TIPS RAS). These technologies use heterogeneous catalysts and are designed to obtain the largest possible amount of liquid products. This article discusses the features of each technology, highlights their advantages and disadvantages, shows the main approaches to process management, and speculates about the development of these technologies. Tar refining is a major process in heavy oil upgrading, and the development of efficient tar-processing methods will influence refinery configurations and management.

scholarly journals Validating accelerometry-derived proxies of energy expenditure using the doubly-labelled water method in the smallest penguin species

Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. bio.055475
Author(s):  
G. J. Sutton ◽  
J. A. Botha ◽  
J. R. Speakman ◽  
J. P. Y. Arnould
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Specific Energy Expenditure ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding energy use is central to understanding an animal's physiological and behavioural ecology. However, directly measuring energy expenditure in free-ranging animals is inherently difficult. The doubly-labelled water (DLW) method is widely used to investigate energy expenditure in a range of taxa. Although reliable, DLW data collection and analysis is both financially costly and time consuming. Dynamic body acceleration (e.g. VeDBA) calculated from animal-borne accelerometers has been used to determine behavioural patterns, and is increasingly being used as a proxy for energy expenditure. Still its performance as a proxy for energy expenditure in free-ranging animals is not well established and requires validation against established methods. In the present study, the relationship between VeDBA and the at-sea metabolic rate calculated from DLW was investigated in little penguins (Eudyptula minor) using three approaches. Both in a simple correlation and activity-specific approaches were shown to be good predictors of at-sea metabolic rate. The third approach using activity-specific energy expenditure values obtained from literature did not accurately calculate the energy expended by individuals. However, all three approaches were significantly strengthened by the addition of mean horizontal travel speed. These results provide validation for the use of accelerometry as a proxy for energy expenditure and show how energy expenditure may be influenced by both individual behaviour and environmental conditions.

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