scholarly journals Integrating local pore water pressure monitoring in territorial early warning systems for weather-induced landslides

Landslides ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Pecoraro ◽  
Michele Calvello
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Model ◽  
Statistical Indicators

AbstractA methodology designed to integrate widespread meteorological monitoring and pore water pressure measurements is proposed. The procedure is tested in 30 hydrological basins highly susceptible to weather-induced landslides in Norway. The following data are used: a catalog of 125 weather-induced landslides in soils registered between January 2013 and June 2017, widespread meteorological monitoring data employed in a territorial warning model, and pore water pressure measurements retrieved from boreholes installed for a variety of geotechnical projects. The territorial warning model is initially applied to identify the warning events and the correspondent warning level in the test areas over the analysis period. Afterwards, a method for assessing the territorial warning events by analyzing the trends of the monitored pore water pressures is proposed. Finally, an augmented territorial warning model is calibrated and validated using statistical indicators widely adopted in literature. The analysis of the results reveals a satisfactory correspondence between days with landslides and the warning levels provided by the augmented territorial warning model. A final comparison between the results of the model calibration and the model validation highlighted the consistency of the model performance, once the three model parameters are adequately set.

scholarly journals Assessing the performance of regional landslide early warning models: the EDuMaP method

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Calvello ◽  
L. Piciullo
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Model

Abstract. A schematic of the components of regional early warning systems for rainfall-induced landslides is herein proposed, based on a clear distinction between warning models and warning systems. According to this framework an early warning system comprises a warning model as well as a monitoring and warning strategy, a communication strategy and an emergency plan. The paper proposes the evaluation of regional landslide warning models by means of an original approach, called the "event, duration matrix, performance" (EDuMaP) method, comprising three successive steps: identification and analysis of the events, i.e., landslide events and warning events derived from available landslides and warnings databases; definition and computation of a duration matrix, whose elements report the time associated with the occurrence of landslide events in relation to the occurrence of warning events, in their respective classes; evaluation of the early warning model performance by means of performance criteria and indicators applied to the duration matrix. During the first step the analyst identifies and classifies the landslide and warning events, according to their spatial and temporal characteristics, by means of a number of model parameters. In the second step, the analyst computes a time-based duration matrix with a number of rows and columns equal to the number of classes defined for the warning and landslide events, respectively. In the third step, the analyst computes a series of model performance indicators derived from a set of performance criteria, which need to be defined by considering, once again, the features of the warning model. The applicability, potentialities and limitations of the EDuMaP method are tested and discussed using real landslides and warning data from the municipal early warning system operating in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).

New Method for Internal Pore-Water Pressure Measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 20210008
Author(s):  
Yawu Liang ◽  
Nicholas Beier ◽  
D. C. Sego
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
New Method ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Internal Pore

Theoretical prediction of rutting in flexible pavement subgrades

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Ramsamooj ◽  
R. Piper
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Critical State ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Rate Of Development

The theoretical model for predicting the cyclic response of soils is extended to handle the generation and dissipation of pore-water pressures and to predict the rutting of the subgrade of a flexible pavement. The model utilizes multiyield surfaces and the concepts of critical state mechanics to predict the permanent deformation of the subgrade under vehicular loading. The theoretical solution also considers the effects of the drainage characteristics of the subgrade soil on the rate of development of the permanent deformation. Experimental verification of the model concepts are presented for a drained cyclic load test on Ottawa sand and for undrained cyclic loading on Newfield clay using published experimental data. An illustrative example is given for the prediction of rutting in a silty clay subgrade. The model parameters for the silty clay are obtained from triaxial and consolidation tests. These parameters are then put into a computer program that determines the rut depth, pore-water pressure, and the ratio of the vertical deformation and the rut depth as functions of the number of vehicular loads for a flexible pavement for various conditions of drainage ranging from undrained to fully drained. The role of the coefficient of consolidation of the subgrade in controlling the rate of development of the rut depth is highlighted. Key words : critical state soil mechanics, multiyield surfaces, rutting, silty clay subgrade, drainage, vehicular loading.

Representativeness of measurements in the interpretation of earth dam behaviour

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Pagano ◽  
Stefania Sica ◽  
Augusto Desideri
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Earth Dam ◽  
Measured Quantity ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Earth Dams ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
Numerical Examples

The representativeness of measurements monitored in earth dams is analysed to investigate how a given measured quantity can be used to interpret the dam's mechanical behaviour. Representativeness is evaluated on the basis of spatial continuity of the measured quantity and the sensitivity of that quantity to natural mechanical nonhomogeneity. The discussion is supported by results from case studies and numerical examples. The study is mainly focused on pore-water pressure measurements. Spatial continuity of pore-water pressure is analysed with consideration of both saturation and drainage conditions. The paper discusses how pore-water pressure representativeness can vary over the lifetime of the dam.Key words: earth dam, pore-water pressure, monitoring.

scholarly journals Movements, failure and climatic control of the Veslemannen rockslide, Western Norway

Landslides ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Kristensen ◽  
Justyna Czekirda ◽  
Ivanna Penna ◽  
Bernd Etzelmüller ◽  
Pierrick Nicolet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Rock Slope ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Western Norway ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Inverse Velocity Method ◽  
Inverse Velocity

AbstractOn September 5, 2019, the Veslemannen unstable rock slope (54,000 m3) in Romsdalen, Western Norway, failed catastrophically after 5 years of continuous monitoring. During this period, the rock slope weakened while the precursor movements increased progressively, in particular from 2017. Measured displacement prior to the failure was around 19 m in the upper parts of the instability and 4–5 m in the toe area. The pre-failure movements were usually associated with precipitation events, where peak velocities occurred 2–12 h after maximum precipitation. This indicates that the pore-water pressure in the sliding zones had a large influence on the slope stability. The sensitivity to rainfall increased greatly from spring to autumn suggesting a thermal control on the pore-water pressure. Transient modelling of temperatures suggests near permafrost conditions, and deep seasonal frost was certainly present. We propose that a frozen surface layer prevented water percolation to the sliding zone during spring snowmelt and early summer rainfalls. A transition from possible permafrost to a seasonal frost setting of the landslide body after 2000 was modelled, which may have affected the slope stability. Repeated rapid accelerations during late summers and autumns caused a total of 16 events of the red (high) hazard level and evacuation of the hazard zone. Threshold values for velocity were used in the risk management when increasing or decreasing hazard levels. The inverse velocity method was initially of little value. However, in the final phase before the failure, the inverse velocity method was useful for forecasting the time of failure. Risk communication was important for maintaining public trust in early-warning systems, and especially critical is the communication of the difference between issuing the red hazard level and predicting a landslide.

scholarly journals A Simulation Study on the Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Pore Water Pressure and Roof Water Inrush in an Aquiclude

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tao Yang ◽  
Ji Li ◽  
Longwen Wan ◽  
Sheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Inrush ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Working Face

As the working face advances, the overlying aquiclude is subjected to periodic dynamic loads, causing pore water pressure distortion, which provides important forewarning for a water inrush disaster in shallow coal seams. In order to analyze the pore water pressure in an aquiclude and determine the spatial-temporal characteristics of the water inrush, the aquiclude is simplified into a saturated, porous, liquid-solid medium and a viscoelastic dynamic model is created to obtain the analytical solution of the pressure distribution. FLAC3D is used to develop a fluid-solid coupling model and to analyze the characteristics of the pressure change and overburden under different mining intensities. This study on pore water pressure in an aquiclude and the determination of the spatial-temporal characteristics of the water inrush provides a foundation for developing early-warning systems for roof water inrush.

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