Proposed Injury Threshold for Drone Blade Lacerations

Purpose of reviewIn patients with a considerable history of sports-related concussion, the decision of when to discontinue participation in sports due to medical concerns including neurologic disorders has potentially life-altering consequences, especially for young athletes, and merits a comprehensive evaluation involving nuanced discussion. Few resources exist to aid the sports medicine provider.Recent findingsIn this narrative review, we describe 10 prototypical vignettes based upon the authors' collective experience in concussion management and propose an algorithm to help clinicians navigate retirement discussions. Issues for consideration include absolute and relative contraindications to return to sport, ranging from clinical or radiographic evidence of lasting neurologic injury to prolonged concussion recovery periods or reduced injury threshold to patient-centered factors including personal identity through sport, financial motivations, and navigating uncertainty in the context of long-term risks.SummaryThe authors propose a novel treatment algorithm based on real patient cases to guide medical retirement decisions after concussion in sport.

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Comparative Studies of Monoecious and Dioecious Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) Biotypes

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500079066 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 204-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Kerry K. Steward ◽

Thai K. Van

Keyword(s):

Hydrilla Verticillata ◽

Temperature Tolerance ◽

Injury Threshold ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Northern Areas ◽

Aquatic Herbicides ◽

Controlled Environments ◽

Lower Temperature ◽

Response To Temperature ◽

Short Days

Selected biological and physiological parameters of hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata(L.f.) Royle # HYLLI] biotypes were compared in growth chambers, glasshouse, or outside aquaria. Salinity tolerance was similar for both biotypes with an injury threshold of approximately 13 parts per thousand (ppt). The registered aquatic herbicides diquat (6,7-dihydrodipyrido [1,2-α:2′,1′-c] pyrazinediium ion) and dipotassium and monoamine salts of endothall (7-oxabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid)4produced similar injury to both biotypes. Biomass of the monoecious plants, growing in controlled environments, declined under short days. Tuber production in monoecious plants was greatest under short days and was significantly higher than in dioecious plants under the same conditions. Growth response to temperature was similar among all plants and was retarded at 15 C. Tuber germination occurred at lower temperatures in the monoecious plants, which was indicative of a lower temperature tolerance. Vegetative propagules were the only perennating structures observed in the monoecious biotype, and regrowth was entirely from tubers and turions. The annual growth habit, in conjunction with rapid and abundant propagule production, adapts the monoecious biotype to northern areas with short growing seasons.

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Far Side Impact Injury Threshold Recommendations Based on 6 Paired WorldSID / Post Mortem Human Subjects Tests

10.4271/2019-22-0005 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Philippe Petit ◽

Xavier Trosseille ◽

Jérome Uriot ◽

David Poulard ◽

Pascal Potier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Subjects ◽

Side Impact ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Injury Threshold ◽

Impact Injury

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QUICK NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT OF SKIN BURN INJURY WITH SPREADSHEET IN PC

Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1142/s0219519401000052 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

E. Y.-K. NG ◽

L. T. CHUA

Keyword(s):

Finite Difference ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Skin Surface ◽

Burn Injuries ◽

Software Application ◽

Injury Threshold ◽

Numerical Assessment ◽

Finite Difference Solution ◽

Spreadsheet Software

This paper presents a blood-perfused skin model as implemented in a spreadsheet software application for accessing burn injuries resulting from exposure of skin surface to flowing hot fluids or constant heat sources. Finite-difference analysis of heat transfer in skin burns provides an accurate prediction of tissue time–temperature relationships throughout the duration of thermal insult. The Henriques theory of skin burns is used for determining the spatial and temporal extent of tissue damage. The epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat were modeled as uniform elements with distinct thermal properties. Method for implementing finite-difference solution in spreadsheet software has been described. A comparison of the injury threshold computed by this model against Henriques's result has been done and the results are in good agreement.

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Injury threshold: Whiplash-associated disorders

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics ◽

10.1067/mmt.2000.108140 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 420-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Charles G. Davis

Keyword(s):

Injury Threshold ◽

Whiplash Associated Disorders

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Injury Threshold of Rectus Capitis Muscles at the Atlanto-occipital Joint

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics ◽

10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.11.001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 71-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Richard C. Hallgren

Keyword(s):

Injury Threshold

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Brain-on-a-chip microsystem for investigating traumatic brain injury: Axon diameter and mitochondrial membrane changes play a significant role in axonal response to strain injuries

TECHNOLOGY ◽

10.1142/s2339547814500095 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 02 (02) ◽

pp. 106-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jean-Pierre Dollé ◽

Barclay Morrison ◽

Rene S. Schloss ◽

Martin L. Yarmush

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Significant Role ◽

Mitochondrial Membrane ◽

Axonal Degeneration ◽

Neuronal Degeneration ◽

Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽

Injury Threshold ◽

Chip Technology ◽

Axonal Diameter

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a devastating consequence of traumatic brain injury, resulting in significant axon and neuronal degeneration. Currently, therapeutic options are limited. Using our brain-on-a-chip device, we evaluated axonal responses to DAI. We observed that axonal diameter plays a significant role in response to strain injury, which correlated to delayed elasticity and inversely correlated to axonal beading and axonal degeneration. When changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were monitored an applied strain injury threshold was noted, below which delayed hyperpolarization was observed and above which immediate depolarization occurred. When the NHE-1 inhibitor EIPA was administered before injury, inhibition in both hyperpolarization and depolarization occurred along with axonal degeneration. Therefore, axonal diameter plays a significant role in strain injury and our brain-on-a-chip technology can be used both to understand the biochemical consequences of DAI and screen for potential therapeutic agents.

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Radiation biology and radiation protection

Annals of the ICRP ◽

10.1016/j.icrp.2012.06.013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (3-4) ◽

pp. 64-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J.H. Hendry

Keyword(s):

Biological Effects ◽

Biological Response ◽

Threshold Dose ◽

Radiological Protection ◽

Turnover Rates ◽

Injury Threshold ◽

Dose Limits ◽

Threshold Doses ◽

Tissue Reactions ◽

Hereditary Effects

For protection purposes, the biological effects of radiation are separated into stochastic effects (cancer, hereditary effects) presumed to be unicellular in origin, and tissue reactions due to injury in populations of cells. The latter are deterministic effects, renamed ‘tissue reactions’ in the 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection because of the increasing evidence of the ability to modify responses after irradiation. Tissue reactions become manifest either early or late after doses above a threshold dose, which is the basis for recommended dose limits for avoiding such effects. Latency time before manifestation is related to cell turnover rates, and tissue proliferative and structural organisation. Threshold doses have been defined for practical purposes at 1% incidence of an effect. In general, threshold doses are lower for longer follow-up times because of the slow progression of injury before manifestation. Radiosensitive individuals in the population may contribute to low threshold doses, and in the future, threshold doses may be increased by the use of various biological response modifiers post irradiation for reducing injury. Threshold doses would be expected to be higher for fractionated or protracted doses, unless doses below the threshold dose only cause single-hit-type events that are not modified by repair/recovery phenomena, or if different mechanisms of injury are involved at low and high doses.

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Regression Equation between Required Force and Lumbar Load of Caregiver in Supporting Standing-up Motion via Computational Musculoskeletal Simulation

Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.47836/pjst.28.s2.05 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (S2) ◽

Author(s):

Kodai Kitagawa ◽

Yoshiki Nishisako ◽

Takayuki Nagasaki ◽

Sota Nakano ◽

Mitsumasa Hida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Regression Equation ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Low Back ◽

Patient Handling ◽

Musculoskeletal Simulation ◽

Injury Threshold ◽

Standing Up ◽

Lumbar Load

Caregivers experience low back pain because of patient handling such as supporting standing-up. The lumbar load of a caregiver depends on the required force for patient handling motions. If the relationship between the required force and the lumbar load is quantitatively clarified, it may be useful for preventing low back pain in caregivers. In this study, we investigated the quantitative relationships between the required force and lumbar loads such as vertebral stress and muscle activity in supporting standing-up by computational musculoskeletal simulation. First, a musculoskeletal model of a caregiver was prepared, and then the model performed simulated supporting standing-up motions. The vertical load used as the required force was placed on the upper limb of the model. The compressive/shear stress of the vertebral (L4–L5) and muscle activities of spinae erector muscle group were recorded as the lumbar load. The results showed that there are highly significant correlations between the required force (r > 0.9, p < 0.01). In addition, regression equations for predicting each lumbar load by the required force with highly determination coefficients (R2 > 0.9) were obtained from these relationships. Furthermore, we found that when the required force was more than 120 N, the compression stresses of the vertebral exceeded injury threshold (3400 N) by the regression equation. These regression equations contribute to quantitatively consider lumbar loads of caregiver during patient handling based on injury thresholds and the required force.

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