Comparative evaluation of the fertilizer value of human urine, cow manure and their mix for the production of carp fingerlings in small holding tanks

Nutrient cycling in the soil-plant ecosystem is an essential component of sustainable agriculture. Human excreta though have high nutrient value is being neglected and simply dumped as waste. Out of the human excreta, urine has high nitrogenous fertilizer value than feces. Hence by separating urine in ECOSAN toilet, it can be of great use in fulfilling the fertilizer demand of the country. The main objective of this study is to assess the effect of human urine on crop yield and to find out the appropriate urine dose and time of application to different crops. The study shows that urine can act as effective as a chemical fertilizer and can be used as an efficient source of plant nutrients. In general, 2-3 splits urine application in addition with phosphorus and potash fertilizer gave the comparable result with that of chemical fertilizer. Though there is no statistical difference in production of the crops, the average yield was found to be higher in the application of chemical fertilizer in all crops except in wheat. From the study, it can be concluded that any crops can be grown using urine as a fertilizer without significant reduction in the yield if nutrient losses during handling could minimize. The study recommends the further study in a long-term urine application trial to verify the obtained result and also to observe the effect of urine on soil properties and plant health as well as on the efficacy of urine along with compost in crop production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v2i0.7532 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 2: 2011 pp.168-172

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Toilet compost and human urine used in agriculture: fertilizer value assessment and effect on cultivated soil properties

Environmental Technology ◽

10.1080/09593330.2014.984774 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 36 (10) ◽

pp. 1291-1298 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D. Sangare ◽

M. Sou/Dakoure ◽

N. Hijikata ◽

R. Lahmar ◽

H. Yacouba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Human Urine ◽

Value Assessment ◽

Fertilizer Value ◽

Cultivated Soil ◽

Agriculture Fertilizer

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Comparative Evaluation of CE and HPLC for Determination of Cotinine in Human Urine

Chromatographia ◽

10.1365/s10337-007-0331-6 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 66 (5-6) ◽

pp. 357-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Piotr Kowalski ◽

Marcin Marszałł ◽

Ilona Olędzka ◽

Wojciech Czarnowski

Keyword(s):

Human Urine ◽

Comparative Evaluation

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Fertilizer value of urine in pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) cultivation

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.2137/145960610791015032 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 57 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S.K. PRADHAN ◽

S. PITKÄNEN ◽

H. HEINONEN-TANSKI

Keyword(s):

Production Rate ◽

Human Urine ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Taste Quality ◽

Cucurbita Maxima ◽

Fertilizer Value ◽

Hygienic Quality

The fertilizer value of human urine was compared with mineral fertilizer in pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) cultivation at a dose of 113 kg N ha-1 with no-fertilization used as control. The growth of the vine was better in urine fertilized pumpkins than in mineral fertilized and non-fertilized pumpkins. Total fruit biomass was higher in mineral fertilized plants compared to urine fertilized and non-fertilized pumpkins. Urine fertilized pumpkins may have suffered from lower potassium or higher chloride, thus they produced fewer flowers and fruits. However, total fruit biomass and the number of fruits were slightly higher in urine fertilized plants than in their non-fertilized counterparts, i.e. 17.2 t ha-1 more pumpkin could be produced with urine fertilizer. The microbial hygiene quality as well as the contents of soluble sugars, protein and taste quality were similar in all treatments, but lower nitrate and higher chloride contents were recorded in urine fertilized pumpkins than other treatments. In conclusion, our study shows that the production rate of urine fertilized pumpkins was somewhat lower than mineral fertilized pumpkins but it was higher than non-fertilized pumpkins. The hygienic quality was equally good with all treatments.;

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Comparison of In-the-Ear and Over-the-Ear Hearing Aid Fittings

Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders ◽

10.1044/jshd.5104.362 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 362-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Donna M. Risberg ◽

Robyn M. Cox

Keyword(s):

Hearing Aids ◽

High Frequency ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Speech Intelligibility ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

Hearing Aid Fitting ◽

The Difference ◽

Functional Gain ◽

The Relationship

A custom in-the-ear (ITE) hearing aid fitting was compared to two over-the-ear (OTE) hearing aid fittings for each of 9 subjects with mild to moderately severe hearing losses. Speech intelligibility via the three instruments was compared using the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) test. The relationship between functional gain and coupler gain was compared for the ITE and the higher rated OTE instruments. The difference in input received at the microphone locations of the two types of hearing aids was measured for 10 different subjects and compared to the functional gain data. It was concluded that (a) for persons with mild to moderately severe hearing losses, appropriately adjusted custom ITE fittings typically yield speech intelligibility that is equal to the better OTE fitting identified in a comparative evaluation; and (b) gain prescriptions for ITE hearing aids should be adjusted to account for the high-frequency emphasis associated with in-the-concha microphone placement.

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