Toilet compost and human urine used in agriculture: fertilizer value assessment and effect on cultivated soil properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1291-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sangare ◽  
M. Sou/Dakoure ◽  
N. Hijikata ◽  
R. Lahmar ◽  
H. Yacouba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Agriculture Fertilizer

scholarly journals Effect of human urine as fertilizer on crop production

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 168-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
HK Upreti ◽  
P Shrestha ◽  
P Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Human Excreta ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Fertilizer Demand

Nutrient cycling in the soil-plant ecosystem is an essential component of sustainable agriculture. Human excreta though have high nutrient value is being neglected and simply dumped as waste. Out of the human excreta, urine has high nitrogenous fertilizer value than feces. Hence by separating urine in ECOSAN toilet, it can be of great use in fulfilling the fertilizer demand of the country. The main objective of this study is to assess the effect of human urine on crop yield and to find out the appropriate urine dose and time of application to different crops. The study shows that urine can act as effective as a chemical fertilizer and can be used as an efficient source of plant nutrients. In general, 2-3 splits urine application in addition with phosphorus and potash fertilizer gave the comparable result with that of chemical fertilizer. Though there is no statistical difference in production of the crops, the average yield was found to be higher in the application of chemical fertilizer in all crops except in wheat. From the study, it can be concluded that any crops can be grown using urine as a fertilizer without significant reduction in the yield if nutrient losses during handling could minimize. The study recommends the further study in a long-term urine application trial to verify the obtained result and also to observe the effect of urine on soil properties and plant health as well as on the efficacy of urine along with compost in crop production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v2i0.7532 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 2: 2011 pp.168-172

scholarly journals Fertilizer value of urine in pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) cultivation

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. PRADHAN ◽  
S. PITKÄNEN ◽  
H. HEINONEN-TANSKI
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Taste Quality ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Hygienic Quality

The fertilizer value of human urine was compared with mineral fertilizer in pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) cultivation at a dose of 113 kg N ha-1 with no-fertilization used as control. The growth of the vine was better in urine fertilized pumpkins than in mineral fertilized and non-fertilized pumpkins. Total fruit biomass was higher in mineral fertilized plants compared to urine fertilized and non-fertilized pumpkins. Urine fertilized pumpkins may have suffered from lower potassium or higher chloride, thus they produced fewer flowers and fruits. However, total fruit biomass and the number of fruits were slightly higher in urine fertilized plants than in their non-fertilized counterparts, i.e. 17.2 t ha-1 more pumpkin could be produced with urine fertilizer. The microbial hygiene quality as well as the contents of soluble sugars, protein and taste quality were similar in all treatments, but lower nitrate and higher chloride contents were recorded in urine fertilized pumpkins than other treatments. In conclusion, our study shows that the production rate of urine fertilized pumpkins was somewhat lower than mineral fertilized pumpkins but it was higher than non-fertilized pumpkins. The hygienic quality was equally good with all treatments.;

Nitrogen fertilizer value of cattle manure applied on soils originating from organic and conventional farming systems

Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 789-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Langmeier ◽  
Emmanuel Frossard ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
Paul Mäder ◽  
David Dubois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Organic And Conventional Farming

Separation of Plasminogen Activators from Human Uterine Tissue and a Comparison with Activators from Human Urine and Porcine Tissue

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 718-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preben Kok
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Ammonium Thiocyanate ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Porcine Tissue ◽  
Major Activity ◽  
Proliferative Phase

SummaryThree types of plasminogen activator could be distinguished in extracts from human uterine tissue. The activators differed in thermostability or in mode of inhibition by EACA.All the extracts contained stable as well as labile activators. The saline extracts were uniformly inhibited by increasing concentrations of EACA. Extracts made with 2 M ammonium thiocyanate were either uniformly inhibited by EACA or showed deflections indicating contamination with an activator, which was inhibited in a biphasic manner. It was possible to distinguish between: (1) An activator, abundantly present in the tissue, which was uniformly inhibited and stable. (2) Another uniformly inhibited activator, which was labile. (3) An activator, inhibited in a biphasic manner, similar to urokinase, which was present in varying amounts in uteri with the endometrium in the proliferative phase.Gel filtration of the uterine extracts showed two major activity peaks corresponding to particle sizes of 60,000 dalton and about 10,000 dalton.Antiserum to purified plasminogen activator, prepared from porcine ovaries, inhibited the activity of the human uterine extracts, but not the activities of human urokinase or urine. Urokinase antiserum in a concentration completely inhibiting human urine or urokinase, inhibited only 10% or less of the activities of human uterine extracts.

Soluble Thrombomodulin Purified from Human Urine Exhibits a Potent Anticoagulant Effect In Vitro and In Vivo

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (05) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Takahashi ◽  
Yoshitaka Hosaka ◽  
Hiromi Niina ◽  
Katsuaki Nagasawa ◽  
Masaaki Naotsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Rabbit Lung ◽  
Soluble Thrombomodulin ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummaryWe examined the anticoagulant activity of two major molecules of soluble thrombomodulin purified from human urine. The apparent molecular weights of these urinary thrombomodulins (UTMs) were 72,000 and 79,000, respectively. Both UTMs showed more potent cofactor activity for protein C activation [specific activity >5,000 thrombomodulin units (TMU)/mg] than human placental thrombomodulin (2,180 TMU/mg) and rabbit lung thrombomodulin (1,980 TMU/mg). The UTMs prolonged thrombin-induced fibrinogen clotting time (>1 TMU/ml), APTT (>5 TMU/ml), TT (>5 TMU/ml) and PT (>40 TMU/ml) in a dose-dependent fashion. These effects appeared in the concentration range of soluble thrombomodulins present in human plasma and urine. In the rat DIC model induced by thromboplastin, administration of UTMs by infusion (300-3,000 TMU/kg) restored the hematological abnormalities derived from DIC in a dose-dependent fashion. These results demonstrate that UTMs exhibit potent anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities, and could play a physiologically important role in microcirculation.

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