Collective Decision-Making Process to Compose Divergent Interests and Perspectives

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Morge
2021 ◽  
Vol 006 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Muslimin Muslimin ◽  
Yuli Andi Gani ◽  
Suryadi Suryadi ◽  
Choirul Saleh

This article was written based on the findings of research that examines the process of formation of collective leadership implemented by the Corruption Eradication Commission (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi: KPK) in Indonesia during its inception in 2003 until the end of the leadership of Abraham Samad 2015. The results of the study indicate that the KPK's collective leadership was gradually formed through several stages can be identified in 3 development cycles. The first stage is a pioneering cycle that requires prerequisites for the formation of collective leadership in order to operate the leadership mechanism in the KPK's organizational structure. Second, the critical cycle, namely the operational trials of collective leadership that have the opportunity to succeed or fail. This cycle is characterized by collaboration between structures in the collective decision making process. Third, the operational stabilization cycle, is a stage of development that leads to the cohesiveness of KPK members and results in superior level of performance.


Author(s):  
Diego Werneck Arguelhes ◽  
Leandro Molhano Ribeiro

Resumo: Estudos e críticas à participação do Supremo Tribunal Federal na vida política nacional costumam assumir, ainda que implicitamente, que a decisão do tribunal a ser analisada ou criticada é obtida após um processo decisório interno colegiado. Mesmo que esse processo seja imperfeito, ele é visto como condição necessária para que os inputs individuais dos Ministros possam produzir efeitos relevantes sobre o mundo fora do tribunal. Neste trabalho, mostramos que os Ministros do STF podem agir individualmente, sem passar pelo colegiado, de modo a produzir efeitos sobre o comportamento de atores externos ao tribunal. Mapeamos conceitualmente esse tipo de poder individual, a partir de um marco teórico da análise institucional, para então identificar alguns exemplos na prática decisória do tribunal: a antecipação de posições na imprensa, o uso de pedidos de vista de longa duração e o uso de decisões monocráticas para avançar posições jurisprudenciais. Com base nesses três exemplos, apontamos e discutimos algumas implicações da existência desses poderes individuais para estudos sobre judicialização da política e comportamento judicial. Em especial, destacamos os problemas normativos que surgem quando se reconhece a possibilidade de que uma ação judicial internamente minoritária (isto é, uma ação que não expressa a preferência da maioria dos Ministros) produza resultados externamente contramajoritários.Palavras-chave: Supremo Tribunal Federal; Poderes Individuais; Comportamento Judicial; Processo Decisório; Análise Institucional.                                               Abstract: Existing studies on the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court tend to assume, even if implicitly, that decisions they analyze are the outcome of an internal, collective decision-making process. Even when this process is criticized as problematic in itself, it is seen as a necessary condition for the Justices’ individual preferences to have an actual impact in the outside world. In this paper, we show that the Justices have resources to act individually, bypassing the collective decision-making procedures, in ways that can and do influence the behavior of actors outside the Court. We conceptualize such individual powers within a framework of institutional analysis, and we identify a set of examples in the Court’s decision-making practices: using press statements to announce one’s judicial preferences, as they would be expressed in a future judicial opinion; individual requests to study the case files in order to prevent the Court from deciding it (pedidos de vista); and the strategic use of and reference to individual rulings (decisões monocráticas) to advance one’s individual jurisprudential views. These three examples allow us to discuss some of the implications of these individual powers for the literature on judicial politics. In particular, these powers are normatively problematic if they allow a position that is in the minority within the Court to create counter-majoritarian outcomes outside the Court.Keywords: Supreme Federal Court, Individual Powers, Judicial Behavior, Decision-Making Process, Institutional Analysis.


1987 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Austen-Smith ◽  
William H. Riker

Legislators' beliefs, preferences, and intentions are communicated in committees and legislatures through debates, the proposal of bills and amendments, and the recording of votes. Because such information is typically distributed asymmetrically within any group of decision makers, legislators have incentives to reveal or conceal private information strategically and thus manipulate the collective decision-making process in their favor. In consequence, any committee decision may in the end reflect only the interests of a minority. We address a problem of sharing information through debate in an endogenous, agenda-setting, collective-choice process. The model is game theoretic and we find in the equilibrium to the game that at least some legislators have incentives to conceal private information. Consequently, the final committee decision can be “incoherent” by failing to reflect the preferences of all committee members fully. Additionally, we characterize the subset of legislators with any incentive to conceal data.


Author(s):  
Simon Buckingham Shum ◽  
Lorella Cannavacciuolo ◽  
Anna De Liddo ◽  
Luca Iandoli ◽  
Ivana Quinto

Current traditional technologies, while enabling effective knowledge sharing and accumulation, seem to be less supportive of knowledge organization, use and consensus formation, as well as of collaborative decision making process. To address these limitations and thus to better foster collective decision-making around complex and controversial problems, a new family of tools is emerging able to support more structured knowledge representations known as collaborative argument mapping tools. This paper argues that online collaborative argumentation has the rather unique feature of combining knowledge organization with social mapping and that such a combination can provide interesting insights on the social processes activated within a collaborative decision making initiative. In particular, the authors investigate how Social Network Analysis can be used for the analysis of the collective argumentation process to study the structural properties of the concepts and social networks emerging from users’ interaction. Using Cohere, an online platform designed to support collaborative argumentation, some empirical findings obtained from two use cases are presented.


2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Buckingham Shum ◽  
Lorella Cannavacciuolo ◽  
Anna De Liddo ◽  
Luca Iandoli ◽  
Ivana Quinto

Current traditional technologies, while enabling effective knowledge sharing and accumulation, seem to be less supportive of knowledge organization, use and consensus formation, as well as of collaborative decision making process. To address these limitations and thus to better foster collective decision-making around complex and controversial problems, a new family of tools is emerging able to support more structured knowledge representations known as collaborative argument mapping tools. This paper argues that online collaborative argumentation has the rather unique feature of combining knowledge organization with social mapping and that such a combination can provide interesting insights on the social processes activated within a collaborative decision making initiative. In particular, the authors investigate how Social Network Analysis can be used for the analysis of the collective argumentation process to study the structural properties of the concepts and social networks emerging from users’ interaction. Using Cohere, an online platform designed to support collaborative argumentation, some empirical findings obtained from two use cases are presented.


2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J Osborne ◽  
Jeffrey S Rosenthal ◽  
Matthew A Turner

We study a collective decision-making process in which people interested in an issue may participate, at a cost, in a meeting, and the resulting decision is a compromise among the participants' preferences. We show that the equilibrium number of participants is small and their positions are extreme, and when the compromise is the median, the outcome is likely to be random. The model and its equilibria are consistent with evidence on the procedures and outcomes of U.S. regulatory hearings. (JEL D7, H0, L5)


2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Pickering

"Instead of considering »being with« in terms of non-problematic, machine-like places, where reliable entities assemble in stable relationships, STS conjures up a world where the achievement of chancy stabilisations and synchronisations is local.We have to analyse how and where a certain regularity and predictability in the intersection of scientists and their instruments, say, or of human individuals and groups, is produced.The paper reviews models of emergence drawn from the history of cybernetics—the canonical »black box,« homeostats, and cellular automata—to enrich our imagination of the stabilisation process, and discusses the concept of »variety« as a way of clarifying its difficulty, with the antiuniversities of the 1960s and the Occupy movement as examples. Failures of »being with« are expectable. In conclusion, the paper reviews approaches to collective decision-making that reduce variety without imposing a neoliberal hierarchy. "


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