A Digital Twin-Based Platform towards Intelligent Automation with Virtual Counterparts of Flight and Air Traffic Control Operations

Automation technologies have been deployed widely to boost the efficiency of production and operations, to trim the complicated process, and to reduce the human error involved. Nevertheless, aviation remains human-centred and requires collaboration between different parties. Given the lack of a collaborative decision-making training platform for air traffic operations in the industry, this study utilises the concept of cyber-physical systems (CPS) to formulate a system architecture for pilots and air traffic control officers training in collaborative decision making by linking and integrating the virtual counterparts of flights and air traffic control operations. Collaborative decision-making training and the corresponding intelligent automation aids could be realised and supported. A performance analysis via a flight task undertaken with different computational load settings was prepared to evaluate the platform’s latency and integrity. The latency is presented using its 95% confidence interval, and integrity is presented using the percentage of data loss during wireless transmission. The results demonstrated convincing performance and a promising system robustness in both domains.

A Goal-Directed Model of Collaborative Decision Making in Hospice and Palliative Care

Hospice and palliative care teams face numerous barriers to the meaningful involvement of patients and families in medical decision making, which limits opportunities for exploration of the very values, preferences, and goals that ideally inform serious illness care. Researchers who develop and test interventions to address these barriers have noted the complementary utility of two existing models in supporting collaborative relationships between hospice and palliative care teams and the patients and families they serve: (1) the social problem-solving model, and (2) the integrative model of shared decision making in medical encounters. This paper describes the integration and extension of these two highly synergistic models, resulting in a goal-directed model of collaborative decision making in hospice and palliative care. Directions for practice innovation and research informed by the model are discussed at length.

Indigenous Influence and Engagement in Mining Permitting in British Columbia, Canada: Lessons for Sweden and Norway?

Mine developments in Indigenous territories risk disrupting Indigenous cultures and their economies, including spiraling already high levels of conflict. This is the situation in Canada, Sweden, and Norway, as elsewhere, and is fostered by current state legal framework that reflect historical trajectories, although circumstances are gradually changing. Promising institutional changes have taken place in British Columbia (BC), Canada, with respect to new legislative reforms. Notably, new legislation from 2019 intends to implement the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) in the province, by promoting consent-based and collaborative decision-making mechanisms. New environmental assessment legislation is another example; this legislation includes early engagement, collaborative decision-making, and Indigenous-led assessments. The article’s aim is, first, to analyze how Indigenous communities can influence and engage in the mining permitting system of BC, and, secondly, to highlight the positive features of the BC system using a comparative lens to identify opportunities for Sweden and Norway regarding mining permitting and Indigenous rights. Applying a legal-scientific and comparative analysis, the article analyzes traditional legal sources. The article concludes that the strong points that the BC regime could offer the two Nordic countries are: the concept of reconciliation, incorporation of UNDRIP, the spectrum of consultation and engagement approaches, and the structure of environmental assessments. All three jurisdictions, however, struggle with balancing mine developments and securing Indigenous authority and influence over land uses in their traditional territories.

Yhteistoimijuus työterveysneuvottelussa

Eri toimijoiden välisen yhteistoimijuuden on todettu edesauttavan työuravaikutusten syntymistä. Työterveysneuvottelu on tärkeä työntekijän, työpaikan, työterveyshuollon yhteistyön ja kuntoutuksen yhteistyöfoorumi. Sen tavoitteena on tukea työntekijän työssä jatkamista ja työurien pidentymistä. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan yhteistoimijuuden ilmenemisen tapoja sekä sen toteutumisen esteitä työterveysneuvottelussa. Tutkimus oli moniaineistoinen monitapaustutkimus. Neljäntoista tapauksen aineiston muodostivat työterveysneuvotteluun osallistuvien ennakkokysely ja neuvottelun jälkeinen haastattelu, neuvottelun videotaltiointi, neuvottelun muistio sekä kyseisen työpaikan työkyvyn tuen kirjalliset mallit. Moninäkökulmainen aineisto kerättiin neuvotteluun osallistuneelta työntekijältä, esihenkilöltä ja työterveyslääkäriltä sekä videotaltioinnin osalta kaikilta neuvotteluun osallistuneilta. Aineisto analysoitiin sisällön- ja keskustelunanalyysillä. Yhteistoimijuus ilmeni institutionaalisena, emotionaalisena, kommunikatiivisena ja supportiivisena ulottuvuutena. Institutionaalinen ulottuvuus ilmeni esimerkiksi toimijoiden roolien selkeytenä, emotionaalinen ulottuvuus kuulluksi tulemisena, kommunikatiivinen ulottuvuus yhteisenä päätöksentekona ja supportiivinen työntekijän tukemisena. Yhteistoimijuuden toteutumista estivät epäselvyys eri toimijoiden rooleista ja yhteisen näkemyksen tai yhteisen päätöksenteon puuttuminen. Kestävän työhönpaluun onnistumiseksi työntekijän toimijuutta tulisi tukea yhteistoimijuuden keinoin. Yhteistoimijuuden rakentumisen kannalta keskeistä oli tunnistaa työterveysneuvottelutilanne julkiseksi neuvotteluksi. Abstract Multi-actor shared agency at joint negotiations on the employee’s return-to-work Collaboration between workplace, health care and rehabilitation actors has been shown to contribute to the working career impact. Joint negotiations on the employee’s return-to-work solutions is one key forum for co-operation between an employee, workplace’s actors, and actors of occupational health care and rehabilitation services. The aim of this collaboration is to support job retention and to prolong working careers. This article discusses which forms of multi-actor shared agency took place and what kind of obstacles to collaboration were found in the joint negotiations on the employee’s return-to-work. The study was a multiperspective, multi-data study on multiple, altogether 14 joint negotiation, cases. Data on each case consisted of the questionnaire collected before the negotiation, the video-recorded data of the joint negotiation, three interviews after the negotiation, the negotiation memo and the workplace’s model of work ability support. The questionnaires and interviews were collected from employees, supervisors and occupational health physicians and video-recorded data was collected from all participants in the joint negotiation. The data was analyzed by a multidisciplinary research team with content and discussion analysis. Multi-actor shared agency was definable to institutional, emotional, communicative and supportive dimensions. New institutional dimension included elements of clarity of the roles of the actors. The emotional dimension included experiences of being heard and of confidentiality. The communicative dimension included elements of collaborative decision-making, and last, the supportive dimension included elements of employee’s support. The lack of clarity regarding the roles of the various actors, secondly, the lack of a shared target and collaborative decision-making prevented the realization of the multi-actor shared agency. In order to succeed in returning to work, the employee's agency should be supported by the multi-actor shared agency means. It was essential for the multi-actor shared agency to recognize that negotiations with workplace actors on return to work are held, instead of internal health care platforms, in a public platform. Keywords: agency, multi-actor shared agency, collaboration, work-related rehabilitation, joint negotiation, returning to work, vocational rehabilitation, occupational health care, multiple case study, qualitative research

The Mediating Role of Collaborative Decision Making on the Effect of Digital Literacy and Leadership on Military Soldiers’ Professional Performance

Digital age has created an unregulated war environment and there are non-state actors, armed groups, terrorists, and criminals which should be faced by established governments. Therefore, in the military context today, soldiers as national security guards no longer face physical forms of combat only, information, however, has became the front line in the national security landscape and needs to be treated equally with the land, sea and air defense dimensions. This study aims to reveal how digital literacy and leadership improve professional performance of soldiers through collaborative decision making as mediator, which can be applied not only in the military environment but also in soldier’s interaction with the civilian community in their social life. Quantitative approach with an explanatory survey is used in this study in order to explain symptoms and determine the causal relationship between variables, while the unit of analysis is soldiers from various divisions and ranks with a sample size of 3,598 soldiers from all over Indonesia. The results show that increasing digital literacy and leadership will improve professional performance of the soldiers through collaborative decision making. Leaders should initiate digital leadership in order to develop digital literacy of the soldiers as well as employ digital based internal collaborative decision-making platforms in order to improve not only the professional performance of soldiers but also the organization effectiveness in general.