scholarly journals Towards ending the animal cognition war: a three-dimensional model of causal cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Benjamin Starzak ◽  
Russell David Gray
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Causal Reasoning ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Causal Understanding ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Causal Cognition

AbstractDebates in animal cognition are frequently polarized between the romantic view that some species have human-like causal understanding and the killjoy view that human causal reasoning is unique. These apparently endless debates are often characterized by conceptual confusions and accusations of straw-men positions. What is needed is an account of causal understanding that enables researchers to investigate both similarities and differences in cognitive abilities in an incremental evolutionary framework. Here we outline the ways in which a three-dimensional model of causal understanding fulfills these criteria. We describe how this approach clarifies what is at stake, illuminates recent experiments on both physical and social cognition, and plots a path for productive future research that avoids the romantic/killjoy dichotomy.

Analyzing Narratives in Psychotherapy: A Formal Framework and Empirical Analyses

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Russell ◽  
Paul W. van den Broek ◽  
Scott Adams ◽  
Karen Rosenberger ◽  
Todd Essig
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Narrative Competence ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Therapeutic Communication ◽  
Children's Narratives ◽  
Formal Framework ◽  
And Training

Abstract Narration in psychotherapy has become a key area of theoretical and empiri-cal concern. Rationales for this new concern are provided in the context of introducing a three-dimensional model of narrative structure. Numerous measures corresponding to each dimension are operationally defined and used in an illustrative study of 16 pairs of temporally contiguous child-thera-pist stories sampled from Gardner's (1971) Therapeutic Communication with Children. As predicted, the therapist's narratives were more structurally con-nected, more often concerned with protagonists' internal psychological pro-cesses, and more elaborate/complex than the children's narratives. The therapist's narrative measures, however, did not seem adapted to the chil-dren's varying narrative competence, indicated by the absence of significant covariation with the children's narrative measures or with their age. These and additional analyses illustrate how to assess narrative processes in psycho-therapy and suggest future research on and training in the use of narratives in psychotherapy. (Psychology)

scholarly journals Simplified three-dimensional model provides anatomical insights in lizards' caudal autotomy as printed illustration

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOANA D.C.G. DE AMORIM ◽  
ISADORA TRAVNIK ◽  
BERNADETE M. DE SOUSA
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Caudal Autotomy

Lizards' caudal autotomy is a complex and vastly employed antipredator mechanism, with thorough anatomic adaptations involved. Due to its diminished size and intricate structures, vertebral anatomy is hard to be clearly conveyed to students and researchers of other areas. Three-dimensional models are prodigious tools in unveiling anatomical nuances. Some of the techniques used to create them can produce irregular and complicated forms, which despite being very accurate, lack didactical uniformity and simplicity. Since both are considered fundamental characteristics for comprehension, a simplified model could be the key to improve learning. The model here presented depicts the caudal osteology of Tropidurus itambere, and was designed to be concise, in order to be easily assimilated, yet complete, not to compromise the informative aspect. The creation process requires only basic skills in manipulating polygons in 3D modeling softwares, in addition to the appropriate knowledge of the structure to be modeled. As reference for the modeling, we used microscopic observation and a photograph database of the caudal structures. This way, no advanced laboratory equipment was needed and all biological materials were preserved for future research. Therefore, we propose a wider usage of simplified 3D models both in the classroom and as illustrations for scientific publications.

Three-Dimensional Model for Virtual Surgical Simulation, during Complex Skull Base Surgery and Aneurysm Surgery

Skull Base ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Morita ◽  
Toshikazu Kimura ◽  
Shigeo Sora ◽  
Kengo Nishimura ◽  
Hisayuki Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Skull Base Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aneurysm Surgery ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model

A Variant Group Assignment Three Dimensional Model Using Pattern Recognition Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1382-1394
Author(s):  
R. Vijayalakshmi ◽  
V. K. Soma Sekhar Srinivas ◽  
E. Manjoolatha ◽  
G. Rajeswari ◽  
M. Sundaramurthy
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Pattern Recognition Technique ◽  
Group Assignment ◽  
Recognition Technique
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