Genetic stock identification of overwintering chum salmon in the North Pacific Ocean

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Tyler McCraney ◽  
Edward V. Farley ◽  
Christine M. Kondzela ◽  
Svetlana V. Naydenko ◽  
Alexander N. Starovoytov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Stock Identification ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
The North ◽  
Genetic Stock Identification ◽  
The North Pacific

Population Structure and Identification of North Pacific Ocean Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Revealed by an Analysis of Minisateliite DNA Variation

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1430-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Taylor ◽  
Terry D. Beacham ◽  
Masahide Kaeriyama
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
The North ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
The North Pacific

We examined geographic variability in minisatellite DNA in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from 42 populations from the North Pacific Ocean to (1) determine the extent of regional population structure at minisatellite loci and (2) assess the ability of minisatellite variability to determine the geographic origin in individual chum salmon. Restriction fragments from 1.6 to 13.6 kilobase pairs in molecular weight were resolved with a minisatellite probe. The fragments were inherited from parent to offspring and appeared to represent segregation at two linked loci. Minisateliite DNA variability was negligible between annual samples from the same rivers, and chum salmon fell into three regional population groupings: (i) Japanese, (ii) Russian/Yukon River, and (iii) southeastern Alaska/British Columbia salmon. These regional groupings probably reflect historical patterns of postglacial dispersal of chum salmon from three distinct refugia in the North Pacific. We used restriction fragment counts as input to linear discriminant and neural network classification of independent test samples of salmon. Accuracies of 90–95, 81–86, and 72–80% were achieved when classifying fish as of either Japan/Russia/Yukon River versus southeastern Alaska/British Columbia origin, Japan versus Russia/Yukon River origin, or Russia versus Yukon River origin, respectively.

Recent Changes in Age and Size of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in the North Pacific Ocean and Possible Causes

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukimasa Ishida ◽  
Soto-o Ito ◽  
Masahide Kaeriyama ◽  
Skip McKinnell ◽  
Kazuya Nagasawa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
The North ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
The North Pacific

Changes in age composition and size of adult chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from rivers in Japan, Russia, and Canada were examined based on body weight and scale measurement data collected from 1953 to 1988. A significant increase in mean age was found in Japanese and Russian stocks after 1970 when the number of Japanese chum salmon began to increase exponentially, but not in the Canadian stock. Significant decreases in mean body weight, mean scale radius, and mean width of the third-year zones of age 4 chum salmon also occurred in Japanese and Russian stocks after 1970. Based on the Japanese salmon research vessel data from 1972 to 1988, significant negative relationships between catch-per-unit-effort and mean body weight of chum salmon were observed in summer in the central North Pacific Ocean where the distribution of Japanese and Russian stocks overlaps. These results suggest that density dependence is one of the possible causes for the recent changes in age and size of chum salmon in the North Pacific Ocean.

scholarly journals Magnitude and Trends in Abundance of Hatchery and Wild Pink Salmon, Chum Salmon, and Sockeye Salmon in the North Pacific Ocean

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory T. Ruggerone ◽  
Randall M. Peterman ◽  
Brigitte Dorner ◽  
Katherine W. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

Mechanism and Occurrence of Focal Scale Resorption among Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) of the North Pacific Ocean

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Bigler
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
The North ◽  
Scale Characteristic ◽  
The North Pacific

A recently documented scale characteristic of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) originating from Hokkaido, Japan, has been found distributed almost exclusively among stocks of Asian origin. Scales from 10 544 chum salmon collected from 25 near-shore locations throughout the North Pacific Ocean were examined. Resorption of the scale focus, including instances where an easily visible hole had been formed, was found among 10.8% of Japanese chum salmon and 15.9% of chum salmon originating from the Soviet Union. In North America, this trait was infrequent (< 0.5%) among populations north of the Aleutian Islands, British Columbia, and Puget Sound, and was not found in Cook Inlet, Prince William Sound, and Southeast Alaska. Focal scale resorption arises from osteoclastic cellular activity, most likely following the first winter of life, and remains as a permanent mark thereafter. This unique, uniformly occurring, easily identifiable scale characteristic will provide a valuable tool for stock identification. Evidence of focal scale resorption is also reported in sockeye (O. nerka), coho (O. kisutch), and king salmon (O. tshawytscha), but was not found in pink salmon (O. gorbuscha), sampled from locations in Alaska.

Genetic Stock Identification of Chum Salmon in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean Using Mitochondrial DNA Microarray

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shogo Moriya ◽  
Shunpei Sato ◽  
Tomonori Azumaya ◽  
Osamu Suzuki ◽  
Shigehiko Urawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Stock Identification ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Genetic Stock Identification ◽  
The Bering Sea

Change in the Known Ocean Distribution of Japanese Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, in Relation to the Progress of Stock Enhancement

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miki Ogura ◽  
Soto-o Ito
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Stock Enhancement ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

New information on the ocean distribution of maturing Japanese chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, based on offshore tagging experiments conducted from 1956 to 1991 is summarized. Of 138 039 chum released in the North Pacific Ocean and its adjacent seas, 663 fish were recovered along the Japanese coast in the year of tagging and up to March of the next year. The distribution area of maturing Japanese chum indicated by these tag recoveries extended much further south and west than shown in previous studies. The central and western North Pacific Ocean now form important parts of the range. We conclude that extensive stock enhancement of chum in Japan is associated with enlargement of the known distribution area of maturing Japanese chum in the North Pacific Ocean.

Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

<em>Abstract.</em>—Limits to the capacity of the North Pacific Ocean to support salmon are suggested based on widespread observations of decreasing size and increasing age of salmon at maturation during time periods where the abundance of salmon has increased throughout the North Pacific rim. The increase in abundance of salmon is partially due to successful establishment of large-scale hatchery runs of chum salmon <em>Oncorhynchus keta </em>and pink salmon <em>O. gorbuscha</em>. The largest hatchery runs are chum salmon, and because of their long life span relative to the more abundant pink salmon, the increase in hatchery terminal run biomass under-represents the actual increase in salmon biomass. To put the increase in hatchery runs in perspective, the historical (since 1925) terminal runs and biomass of hatchery and wild pink, chum, and sockeye salmon <em>O. nerka </em>in the North Pacific Ocean were reconstructed. Various data sets of smolt releases from hatcheries, wild salmon estimates of smolt out-migrants, and subsequent adult returns by age and size were assembled. Age-structured models were fit to these data sets to estimate brood-year specific rates of natural mortality, growth, and maturation. The rates were then used to reconstruct total biomass of the “smolt data” stocks. The estimated ratio of terminal runs to total biomass estimated for the “smolt data” stocks were used to expand the historical time series of terminal run biomass on a species and area basis. The present total biomass (~4 million mt) of sockeye, chum, and pink salmon in the North Pacific Ocean is at historically high levels and is ~3.4 times the low levels observed in the early1970s. At least 38% of the recent ten-year average North Pacific salmon biomass is attributed to hatchery stocks of chum and pink salmon. Recent year terminal run biomass has been greater than the peak levels observed during the mid 1930s.

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