Behavioural changes and flight response of a mosquito (Culicidae) and an earthworm (Lumbricidae), respectively, after exposure to imidacloprid

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palesa Andile Adrena Tsotesti ◽  
Simangele Sandra Mazibuko ◽  
Ngitheni Winnie-Kate Nyoka ◽  
Sanele Michelle Mnkandla ◽  
Tanya Fouché ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flight Response ◽  
Behavioural Changes

scholarly journals The parasite's long arm: a tapeworm parasite induces behavioural changes in uninfected group members of its social host

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1819) ◽  
pp. 20151473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Beros ◽  
Evelien Jongepier ◽  
Felizitas Hagemeier ◽  
Susanne Foitzik
Keyword(s):  
Social Insects ◽  
Anomalous Behaviour ◽  
Ant Colonies ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
Flight Response ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Colony Fitness ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Temnothorax Nylanderi

Parasites can induce alterations in host phenotypes in order to enhance their own survival and transmission. Parasites of social insects might not only benefit from altering their individual hosts, but also from inducing changes in uninfected group members. Temnothorax nylanderi ant workers infected with the tapeworm Anomotaenia brevis are known to be chemically distinct from nest-mates and do not contribute to colony fitness, but are tolerated in their colonies and well cared for. Here, we investigated how tapeworm- infected workers affect colony aggression by manipulating their presence in ant colonies and analysing whether their absence or presence resulted in behavioural alterations in their nest-mates. We report a parasite-induced shift in colony aggression, shown by lower aggression of uninfected nest-mates from parasitized colonies towards conspecifics, potentially explaining the tolerance towards infected ants. We also demonstrate that tapeworm-infected workers showed a reduced flight response and higher survival, while their presence caused a decrease in survival of uninfected nest-mates. This anomalous behaviour of infected ants, coupled with their increased survival, could facilitate the parasites' transmission to its definitive hosts, woodpeckers. We conclude that parasites exploiting individuals that are part of a society not only induce phenotypic changes within their individual hosts, but in uninfected group members as well.

scholarly journals A systematic review of non-motor symptom evaluation in clinical trials for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Beswick ◽  
Deborah Forbes ◽  
Zack Hassan ◽  
Charis Wong ◽  
Judith Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Motor Symptom ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is increasingly recognised as a multi-system disorder, presenting with common and impactful non-motor symptoms, such as neuropsychiatric symtpoms, cognitive and behavioural changes, pain, disordered sleep, fatigue and problematic saliva. Aim/hypothesis We aimed to systematically review 25 years of ALS clinical trials data to identify if non-motor features were evaluated, in addition to the traditional measures of motor functioning and survival, and where evaluated to describe the instruments used to assess. We hypothesised that assessment of non-motor symptoms has been largely neglected in trial design and not evaluated with ALS-suitable instruments. Methods We reviewed clinical trials of investigative medicinal products in ALS, since the licensing of riluzole in 1994. Trial registry databases including WHO International Trials Registry, European Clinical Trials Register, clinicaltrials.gov, and PubMed were systematically searched for Phase II, III or IV trials registered, completed or published between 01/01/1994 and 16/09/2020. No language restrictions were applied. Results 237 clinical trials, including over 29,222 participants, were investigated for their use of non-motor outcome measures. These trials evaluated neuropsychiatric symptoms (75, 32%), cognitive impairment (16, 6.8%), behavioural change (34, 14%), pain (55, 23%), sleep disturbances (12, 5%) and fatigue (18, 8%). Problematic saliva was assessed as part of composite ALS-FRS(R) scores in 184 trials (78%) but with no focus on this as an isolated symptom. 31 (13%) trials including 3585 participants did not include any assessment of non-motor symptoms. Conclusions Non-motor symptoms such as neuropsychiatric, cognitive and behavioural changes, pain, disordered sleep, fatigue, and problematic saliva have not been consistently evaluated in trials for people with ALS. Where evaluated, non-symptoms were primarily assessed using instruments and impairment thresholds that are not adapted for people with ALS. Future trials should include non-motor symptom assessments to evaluate the additional potential therapeutic benefit of candidate drugs. PROPSERO registration CRD42020223648.

scholarly journals Early behavioural changes in familial Alzheimer’s disease in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network

Brain ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 1036-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Ringman ◽  
Li-Jung Liang ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Sitaram Vangala ◽  
Edmond Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Familial Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Familial Alzheimer's Disease
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